Novel nanocrystalline alloys and magnetic nanomaterials: an Oxford-Kobe materials text

320 Pages·2005·14.94 MB·English

by  Brian Cantor

Series in Materials Science and Engineering
Novel Nanocrystalline
Alloys and Magnetic
Nanomaterials
An Oxford–Kobe Materials Text
Edited by
Brian Cantor
University of York, UK
Institute of Physics Publishing
Bristol and Philadelphia
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
# IOP Publishing Ltd 2005
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Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
SECTION 1: NANOCRYSTALLINE ALLOYS 1
Introduction
Chapter 1 3
Thermodynamics ofnanocrystalline materials
Livio Battezzati
Universita de Torino
Chapter 2 16
Nanostructure of amorphous alloys
Yoshihiko Hirotsu ,Tadakatsu Ohkuba and Mitsuhide Matsuhita
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
Osaka University, JEOL
(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
Chapter 3 42
Nanocrystalline,nanquasicrystallineandamorphousAlandMgalloys
Akihisa Inoue and Hisamichi Kimura
Tohoku University
Chapter 4 77
Nanocrystallization in Al alloys
Dmitri Louzguine and Akihisa Inoue
Tohoku University
Chapter 5 93
High strengthnanostructured Al-Fe alloys
Kazuhiko Kita , HiroyukiSasaki ,Junichiro Nagahora and
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)
Akihisa Inoue
(cid:1)(cid:1)
YKK, Tohoku University
(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Chapter 6 101
Electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni alloys
Tohru Yamasaki
Himeji InstituteofTechnology
Chapter 7 121
Ni, Cu and Ti amorphous alloys
Do Hyang Kim
YonseiUniversity
Chapter 8 134
Nanoquasicrystallization inZr alloys
Eiichiro Matsubara and TakahiroNakamura
TohokuUniversity
Chapter 9 147
Quasicrystallinenanocomposites
Won Tae Kim
ChongjuUniversity
SECTION 2: NOVEL NANOMATERIALS 157
Introduction
Chapter 10 159
Nano-optoelectronics
Peter Dobson
Oxford University
Chapter 11 171
Nanocrystallization insteelsby heavy deformation
MinoroUmemoto
Toyohashi University of Technology
Chapter 12 187
Severeplasticdeformation
MinoroFurukawa , Zenji Horita and Terence Langdon
(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)
Fukuoka Universityof Education, KyushuUniversity,
(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
UniversityofSouthern California
(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)
Chapter 13 205
Metal-ceramic nanocomposites
De Liang Zhang
WaikatoUniversity
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Chapter 14 220
Alumina/silicon carbide nanocomposites
Richard Todd
Oxford University
SECTION 3: MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS 233
Introduction
Chapter 15 235
Microfabricated granularfilms
KTakanashi , SMitani , KYakushiji and H Fujimori
(cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
TohokuUniversity, RIEMM
(cid:1) (cid:1)(cid:1)
Chapter 16 253
Ni and Fe nanocrystals
Eiji Kita
Tsukuba University
Chapter 17 260
NanocrystallineFe-M-Balloys
Akihiro Makino
Akita Prefectural University
Chapter 18 278
Advancesin nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials
Yoshihito Yoshizawa
Hitachi Metals
Chapter 19 285
Applicationsof nanocrystallinesoft magnetic materials
Rainer Hilzinger
Vacuumschmelze
Chapter 20 296
Nd-Fe-B nanocomposite permanent magnets
Satoshi Hirosawa
Sumitomo Special Metals
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Preface
This book is a text on novel nanocrystalline alloys and magnetic nano-
materials arising out of presentations given at the fourth Oxford–Kobe
Materials Seminar, heldatthe Kobe Institute on 11–14September2001.
TheKobeInstituteisanindependentnonprofit-makingorganization.It
was established by donations from Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture and more
than 100 companies all over Japan. It is based in Kobe City, Japan, and is
operated in collaboration with St Catherine’s College, Oxford University,
UK. The Chairman of the Kobe Institute Committee in the UK is Roger
Ainsworth,MasterofStCatherine’sCollege;theDirectoroftheKobeInsti-
tute Board is Dr Yasutomi Nishizuka; the Academic Director is Dr Helen
Mardon, Oxford University; and the Bursar is Dr Kaizaburo Saito. The
Kobe Institute was established with the objectives of promoting the
pursuit of education and research that furthers mutual understanding
between Japan and other nations, and to contribute to collaboration and
exchange between academics and industrial partners.
The Oxford–Kobe Seminars are research workshops which aim to
promote international academic exchanges between the UK/Europe and
Japan. A key feature of the seminars is to provide a world-class forum
focused on strengthening connections between academics and industry in
both Japan and the UK/Europe, and fostering collaborative research on
timely problems of mutual interest.
The fourth Oxford–Kobe Materials Seminar was on nanomaterials,
concentrating on developments in science and technology over the next ten
years. The co-chairs of the Seminar were Professor Akihisa Inoue of
Tohoku University, Dr Yoshihito Yoshizawa of Hitachi Metals, Professor
Brian Cantor of York University, Dr Paul Warren of Oxford University
and Dr Kaizaburo Saito of the Kobe Institute. The Seminar Coordinator
was Ms Pippa Gordon of Oxford University. The Seminar was sponsored
by the Kobe Institute, St Catherine’s College and the Oxford Centre for
Advanced Materials and Composites. Following the Seminar itself, all of
the speakers prepared extended manuscripts in order to compile a text
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
suitable for graduates and for researchers entering the field. The contribu-
tionsarecompiledintothreesections:nanocrystallinealloys,novelnanoma-
terials, and magneticnanomaterials.
The first, second and third Oxford–Kobe Materials Seminars were
on aerospace materials in September 1998, solidification and casting in
September 1999, and metal and ceramic composites in September 2000.
The corresponding texts have already been published in the Institute of
Physics Publishing Series in Materials Science and Engineering. The fifth,
sixth and seventh Oxford–Kobe Materials Seminars were on automotive
materials in September 2002, magnetic materials in September 2003 and
spintronic materials in September 2004 respectively. The corresponding
texts are currently in press in the Institute of Physics Publishing Series in
Materials Science and Engineering.
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Acknowledgments
Brian Cantor
The editor would like to thank the following: the Oxford–Kobe Institute
Committee and St Catherine’s College, Oxford University, for agreeing to
support the Oxford–Kobe Materials Seminar on Nanomaterials; Sir Peter
Williams, Dr Yoshihito Yoshizawa, Dr Paul Warren, Dr Helen Mardon
and Kaizaburo Saito for help in organizing the Seminar; and Ms Pippa
Gordon, Ms Sarah French and Ms Linda Barton for help with preparing
themanuscripts.
Individual authors would like to make additional acknowledgments as
follows.
YoshihikoHirotsu, TadakatsuOkhuba and Mitsuhide Matsushita
These investigations were partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research on Priority Areas of the Ministry of Education, Science and
Culture, Japan, and also supported by Special Coordination Funds for
Promoting Science and Technology on the Nanohetero Metallic Materials
programmefrom theScience and Technology Agency.
Kazuhiko Kita, HiroyukiSasaki, JunichiroNagahora and Akihisa Inoue
This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology
Development Organization (NEDO) as a part of the Super Metal Technol-
ogyproject.
Tohru Yamasaki
The author is deeply grateful to Professors Ogino and Mochizuki
from Himeji Institute of Technology, Japan, for their useful discussions.
The author also gratefully acknowledges financial support from the
Kawanishi-Memorial Shinmaywa Scientific Foundation Japan (2001) and
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
theGrant-in-AidfromtheJapaneseMinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,
Science and Technology (2001).
Do Hyang Kim
This research was supported by the Creative Research Initiative of the
Korean Ministryof Science and Technology.
EiichiroMatsubara and Takahiro Nakamura
Anomalousx-rayscatteringmeasurementswereobtainedusingsynchrotron
radiation at the Photon Factory of the Institute of Materials Structure
Science(IMSS)underproposalNo.2000G239.Theworkispartlysupported
by Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology on
Nanohetero Metallic Materials from the Science and Technology Agency.
The work is also financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research on Priority Areas, (B)(2) (No. 12130201) from the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology of Japan.
Minoro Umemoto
ThisworkwaspartlysupportedbytheFerrousSuperMetalConsortiumof
Japan under the auspices of NEDO and the Grant-in-Aid by the Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science. The author thanks Dr K Tsuchiya,
Dr ZGLiu,Dr YXu, MsJ Yin and MrSuzukifor their involvement
TerenceLangdon
Cooperation in preparing this chapter was made possible through an
appointment as Visiting Professor in the Department of Materials Science
and Engineering at Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan, with support
from theJapanSociety for thePromotion of Science.
De Liang Zhang
Research on metal–ceramic nanocomposites at University of Waikato is
funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, New
Zealand, through the New Economy Research Fund (NERF) scheme. The
authorwouldalsoliketothankMrJingLiangforhisassistanceinpreparing
the manuscript.
K Takanashi,SMitani, KYakushiji and HFujimori
TheauthorsaregratefultoDrHImamura,DrSTakahashi,DrJMartinek,
andProfessorSMaekawa,TohokuUniversity,fortheirtheoreticalsupport
and useful discussion. Thanks are also given to Dr K Hono, National
Institute for Materials Science, for TEM observation, and to Professor J Q
Xiao, University of Delaware, for comments on a draft of the manuscript.
This work was supported by a JSPS Research Project for the Future
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Program (JSPS-RFTF 96P00106) and by CREST of Japan Science and
TechnologyCorporation.
Akihiro Makino
ThisworkwaspartlysupportedbySpecialCoordinationFundsforPromot-
ing Science and Technology on Nanohetero Metallic Materials from the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
Yoshihito Yoshizawa
TheauthorisgratefultoDrKHono,DrDHPing, andDrMOhnumaof
the National Institute for Materials Science for valuable discussions and
nanostructure analysis.
Rainer Hilzinger
The author gratefully acknowledges many valuable suggestions and discus-
sions with RWengerter, GHerzer and J Petzold.
Satoshi Hirosawa
Collaboration with the author’s colleagues, Hirokazu Kanekiyo, Yasutaka
Shigemoto, Kaichi Murakami, Toshio Miyoshi and Yusuke Shioya is
gratefully acknowledged. Construction of the technique to measure cooling
behaviour during rapid solidification was achieved under the Nanohetero
Metallic Materials programme as part of the Special Coordination Funds
forPromotingScienceandTechnologyfromNationalInstituteforMaterials
Science.
Copyright © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.