Table Of ContentMOLECULAR GENETICS OF PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
CURRENT PLANT SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
Aims and Scope of the Bookseries
The bookseries is intended for readers ranging from advanced students to senior
research scientists and corporate directors interested in acquiring in-depth, state
of-the-art knowledge about research findings and techniques related to plant
science and biotechnology. While the subject matter will relate more particularly
to agricultural applications, timely topics in basic plant science and biotechnology
will be explored as well. Some volumes will report progress in rapidly advancing
disciplines through proceedings of symposia and workshops while others will de
tail fundamental information of an enduring nature that will be referenced re
peatedly.
Scientific Editor: F.A. Bliss, University of Wisconsin, Dept. of Horticulture, 1575
Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Scientific Advisory Board:
P.S. Baenziger, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebr.
K. Barton, Agracetus Corp., Middleton, Wisc.
F. Cannon, Biotechnica Int., Cambridge, Mass.
A. Galston, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
J. Lyman Snow, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
c.P. Meredith, University of California, Davis, Calif.
N.C. Nielsen, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind.
J. Sprent, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
D.P.S. Verma, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
Evans, H.J., Bottomley, P.J. and Newton, W.E. (eds): Nitrogen fixation research
progress. 1985. ISBN 90-247-3255-7
Zimmerman, R.H., Griesbach, R.J., Hammerschlag, F.A. and Lawson, R.H.
(eds): Tissue culture as a plant production system for horticultural crops. 1986.
ISBN 90-247-3378-2
Verma, D.P .S. and Brisson, N. (eds): Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Inter
actions. 1987. ISBN 90-247-3426-6
Molecular genetics of
plant-microbe interactions
Proceedings oj the Third International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics
oj Plant-Microbe Associations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, July 27-31, 1986
edited by
DESH PAL S. VERMA
McGill University, Montreal
Quebec, Canada
NORMAND BRISSON
Universite de Montreal, Montreal
Quebec, Canada
1987 MARTIN US NUHOFF PUBLISHERS
a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER
Distributors
for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip
Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061, USA
for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited,
Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LAI lRN, UK
for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics of
Plant-Microbe Associations (3rd : 1986 ': Montreal)
Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions.
(Current plant science and biotechnology in
agriculture ; 3)
Includes index.
1. Microbial genetics--Congresses. 2. Molecular
genetics--Congresses. 3. Micro-organisms, Phyto
pathogenic--Host plants--Congresses. 4. Plant
molecular genetics--Co~gresses. 5. Symbiosis-
Congresses. 1. Verma, D. P. S. (Desh Pal S.), 1944-
II. Brisson, Normand, 1955- Ill. Title.
IV. Series.
QH434.158 1986 576'.139 86-23702
ISBN-13: 978-94-01 0-8496-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-4482-4
DOl: lO.loo7/978-94-009-4482-4
Copyright
© 1987 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1987
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht,
The Netherlands.
VI
This Symposium was made possib7e through the generous support of the following:
Nationa7 Science Foundation (USA); The Rockefeller Foundation;
Internationa7 Society for Plant M07ecu7ar Biology; Agricu7ture
Canada; Natura7 Research Counci7 Canada; Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada; United States Department
of Agricu7ture; United States Department of Energy; McGill
University Facu7ty of Graduate Studies and Research; Agracetus;
Agrigenetics Corporation; Allelix Inc.; Amersham Corporation;
Bio-Agra7; BioTechnica Internationa7, Inc.; Boehringer Mannheim
Canada; CI BA -GEIGY Corporation; Convi ron Products Company; E. I .
DuPont de Nemours Company; ICN Biomedica7s; Lilly Research
Laboratories; New Eng7and Nuclear Canada; Northrup King Co.;
Pharmacia (Canada) Inc.
VII
PREFACE
Increased interest in the basic biology of plants and microorganisms
stems from the fact that crop productivity is directly affected by
plant-microbe interactions. In spite of the fact that plants exist in
the environment amongst diverse species of microorganisms, only a few
ever establish a direct relationship. Emerging awareness concerning
the indirect effect of microbial association on plant growth and the
possibility of using one microbe against another for controlling
pathogenic interactions is at the genesis of new fields of studies.
The primary reason for a microbe to associate with· photoautotrophic
organisms (plants) is to tap its nutritional requirements, fixed
carbon, as a source of energy.
By hook or by crook, a microbe must survive. Some have evolved
mechanisms to exploit plants to develop a niche for their biotropic
demands. When in contact with a living plant, microorganisms may live
in a passive association using exudates from the plant, invade it
pathogenically or coexist with it in symbiosis. The plant responds to
the interloper, either reacting in a hypersensitive manner to contain
the invasion of pathogens, or by inducing a set of genes that leads
toward symbiosis, or by simply succumbing to the invader. Thus, prior
to contact wi th the plant, mic roorganism is able to sense the presence
of the host and activate accordingly a set of genes required for the
forthcoming interaction, whether symbiotic or pathogenic.
Understanding the "language" of communication between the host plant
and the microorganism may lead to eventual manipulation of these
associations for the benefit of mankind. This Symposium marked the
beginning of an era towards deciphering the "alphabets" of this
language. It is apparent that it is a two-way communication. The
microbe has developed means of avoiding the defense responses of the
plant and has exploited plant products as environmental cues for
controlling genes which are only required during this interaction.
Wi th the development of genetic tools in fungi, the doors have been
opened for understanding and manipulating devastating diseases of crop
plants.
Over 400 scientists from 27 countries took part in this Third
International Symposium on the Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe
Interactions. Eight sessions with 66 oral presentations and 3 poster
sessions attracted the interest of participating scientists from
univers i ties, research ins ti tutes, and pr iva te sectors concentrating
on basic research and its potential application.
The Montreal Symposium would not have been possible without the
generous support by the various foundations, research organizations
and private corporations as well as the assistance from the host
institution, McGill University. We are indebted to the number of
people who aided in making this Symposium a successful event.
DESH PAL S. VERMA
VIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CONTRIBUTORS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Section I: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF AGROBACTERIUM AND PLANT TRANSFORMATION
"Ecology of Agrobacterium: plasmids and biovars"
Kathy Ophel and Allen Kerr. • 3
"The Agrobacterium rhizogenes root-inducing system"
F. Richaud, C. Aubry, A. Beyou, F. Boulanger,
C. Estramareix, A.-M. Fleury-Guerout, C. Mignotte,
and O. Reyes. • • •• ••••••••••••• 6
"Effect of the presence of the plasmid pSA and of auxin
on the attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant
host cells"
Ann G. Matthysse 11
"Dual regulation of virulence genes of Agrobacterium
plasmid pTiCS8"
P. Rogowsky, T.J. Close, and C.l. Kado ••••••• 14
"Overdrive, a T-DNA transmission enhancer on the A.
tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmid"
Ernest G. Peralta, Renate Hellmiss, Joon M. Ji,
Wendy H. Berger, and Walt Ream 20
"Physical structure and genetics of the T-DNA in plants
transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens"
Albert Spielmann and Robert B. Simpson. 27
"Mammalian metallothionein functions in plants"
D.D. Lefebvre and J.-F. Laliberte •• 32
"Tumorigenesis and root nodulation by Agrobacterium
tumefaciens carrying Rhizobium symplasmids"
Pauline A. Donaldson and V.N. Iyer. • ••••• 35
Supplementary articles (see Section VI)
Section II: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND FUNGI
"Cutinase and pectinase in host-pathogen and plant
bacterial interaction"
P.E. Kolattukudy, Joseph Sebastian, William F. Ettinger,
and Mark S. Crawford. • • • • • • •
IX
Page
"Siderophore biosynthesis, uptake and effect on potato
growth of rhizosphere strains"
Peter Weisbeek, Joey Marugg, Gerard van der Hofstad,
Peter Bakker and Bob Schippers. 51
0 •
"A gene cluster in Xanthomonas campestris PV Campestris
required for pathogenicity controls the excretion of
enzymes"
J. M. Dow and Go Scofield. • • • • • 54
"Direct analysis of the invasiveness of Xanthomonas
campestris mutants generated by Tn4431, a transposon
containing a promoterless luciferase cassette for
monitoring gene expression"
Joe J. Shaw and Clarence I. Kado. 57
0 •
"Analysis of the spontaneous mutation to avirulence by
Pseudomonas solanacearum"
Mark A. Schell, Daniel P. Roberts, and Timothy P. Denny 61
"Characterization of pathogenicity genes of Erwinia
carotovora"
A.K. Handa, R.A. Bressan, L. Lee, DoJ. Charles, R.K.
Jayaswal, J. Chiu and J.L. Bennetzen •••••• 67
"Characterization of a novel esterase produced by plant
pathogenic Streptomyces"
D.A.R. Mcqueen and J.L. Schottel •• 73
Supplementary articles (see Section VI)
Section III: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF THE HOST = (SYMBIOSIS/PATHOGENICITY)
"Induced symbiosis mutants of Pisum sativum"
B.E. Kneen, Do Vam Vikites and T.A. Larue •• 79
"Plant host genetics of nodulation initiation in soybean"
Peter M. Gresshoff, Jane E. Olsson, David A. Day,
Kathryn A. Schuller, Anne Mathews, Angela C. Delves,
Arno Krotzky, G. Dean Price and Bernard J., Carroll. 85
"A mutant of pea (Pisum sativum) possibly disturbed in
the production of a compound required for the induction
of nitrogenase activity in bacteroids"
Jenne G. Postma, Evert Jacobsen, Ton Bisseling and
Hillem J. Feenstra. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 91
"Non-nodulation mutants of soybean"
Anne Mathews, Bernard J. Carroll, and Peter M. Gresshoff. 94
"Early nodulins in root nodule development"
Jan-Peter Nap, Marja Moerman, Albert van Kammen,
Francine Govers, Ton Gloudemans, Henk Franssen and
Ton Bisseling 96
0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • •
x
Page
"Peribacteroid membrane nodulins of soybean"
Marc G. Fortin and Desh Pal S. Verma. • • • • • • • • • 102
"Isolation of nodule specific c-DNA clones from
Medicago sativa"
Gyorgy B. Kiss, Eva Vincze and Zoltan Vegh •••••••• 108
"Analysis of nodule-specific gene expression in
ineffective alfalfa root nodules and callus cultures
derived from ineffective root nodules"
Joanna F. Hanks, Lisa A. Macol, Jonathan Goldthwaite,
and Ann M. Hirsch • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 112
"Nodule specific genes in Phaseolus vulgaris"
F. Campos, M. Vazquez, J. Padilla, C. Enriquez, and
F. Sanchez • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 115
"Investigation of plant genes expressed during symbiotic
ni trogen fixation"
S.G. Gottlob-McHugh and D.A. Johnson. • 118
"Rhizobium induced plant proteins in target root
epidermal cells of Vigna unguiculata"
Arvind Bhagwat and Joseph Thomas. 120
0 • • • • • • • •
"Four soybean nodulin genes evolved from a common
ancestor"
F. Jacobs, M. Zhang, M. Fortin, and Desh Pal S. Verma •• 123
"Coordinated expression of nodule-specific and root
genes in yellow lupin"
M. Sikorski, U. Szybiak-Strozycka, P. Strozycki,
B. Golinska, C.J. Madrzak, R. Kamp, B. Wittmann-Liebold,
and A.B. Legocki •••••••• 127
0 ••• 0 •• 0 • • •
"Plant gene expression during effect and ineffective
nodule development of the tropical stem-nodulated
legume Sesbania rostrata"
P. de Laj udie and T. Hugue to. • • • • • • • • 130
"Expression of two enzymes involved in ureide formation
in soybean regulated by oxygen"
Knud Larsen and Bjarne Jochimsen. • • 133
"Probing cell wall structure in the soybean root
nodule"
So-SoT. Hua, K.L. Miller, V.J. Vreeland, and
W.M. Laetsch •••••••••••••• • • • 138
"Monoclonal antibodies to components of Rhizobium
induced pea nodules"
Desmond J. Bradley, Elizabeth A. Wood, Geoffrey W.
Butcher, Giovanni Galfre, and Nicholas J. Brewin ••••• 141
XI
Page
"Localization of the glutamine synthetase polypeptides
in Phaseolus root nodules"
M. Lara, J. 1. Ortega and B. Valderrama. • • • • • • • 142
"Changes in protein and mRNA accumulation in potato
tubers treated wi th an elici tor"
H. Giroux, C. Marineau, and N. Brisson. • • • 145
0
Section IV: MOLECULAR GENETICS OF RHIZOBIUM
"Organization of the Rhizobium phaseoli genome"
Rafael Palacios, Margarita Flores, Susana Brom,
Esperanza Martinez, Victor Gonzalez, Silvia Frenk,
Carmen Quinto, Miguel Angel Cevallos, Lorenzo
Segovia, David Romero, Alejandro Garciarrubio,
Daniel Pinero, and Guillermo Davila ••• 151
0 • • • ••
"Rifampin resistance and nodulating competitiveness
in Rhizobium meliloti"
D. Mark Lewis, Eden S.P. Bromfield, Leslie R. Barran ••• 157
"A method for isolating competition defective
mutants in Rhizobium"
Thomas J. McLoughlin, Ann Owens Merlo, and
Eric Johansen • 159
0 • • • 0 •
"Genetic determinants of nodulation in pRle IOOla:
nodD"
A. Squartini, P.J.J. Hooykaas, and M.P. Nuti. • •• • 162
"Symbiotic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti which produce
non-succinylated exopolysaccharide"
John A. Leigh 165
0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 0 • • •
"Rhizobium mutants defective in lipopolysaccharide and
infection"
KoD. Noel, P. Pachori, B. Kulpaca, K.A. Vandenbosch,
B.A. Brink, and J .R. Cava. • • • •• ••••• • • 167
"Analysis of three Rhizobium phaseoli genes, psi, psr
and pss, which affect exopolysaccharide synthesis and
symbiotic nitrogen fixation and/or nodulation"
D. Borthakur, JoW. Lamb, and A.W.B. Johnston ••• 169
o
"Involvement of pSym nodulation genes in production of
surface and extracellular components of Rhizobium
trifolii which interact with white clover root hairs"
Frank B. Dazzo, Rawle 10 Hollingsworth, Saleela Philip,
Kathryn B. Smith, Margaret Ao Welsch, Janet Salzwedel,
Pamela Morris, and Lorna McLaughlin ••• 171
0 •••••••
