Table Of ContentLifestyles and
Feeding Biology
The Natural History of the Crustacea Series
SERIES EDITOR:
Martin Thiel
Editorial Advisory Board:
Geoff Boxshall, Natural History Museum, London, UK
Emmett Duffy, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Gloucester, USA
Darryl Felder, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, USA
Gary Poore, Victoria Museum, Melbourne, Australia
Bernard Sainte-Marie, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Canada
Gerhard Scholtz, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Fred Schram, Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory, Seattle, USA
Les Watling, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
Functional Morphology and Diversity (Volume 1)
Edited by Les Watling and Martin Thiel
Lifestyles and Feeding Biology (Volume 2)
Edited by Martin Thiel and Les Watling
Lifestyles and
Feeding Biology
The Natural History of the Crustacea,
Volume 2
EDITED BY MARTIN THIEL AND LES WATLING
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1
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PREFACE
In Volume 1 of this series, we asked the authors to examine the diverse array of body morphologies
exhibited by crustaceans and to provide insight into the development and function of the various
parts of the crustacean body. In this volume, we are taking the functional studies of crustacean
morphology one step further by examining the relationship between the diversity of body designs
and the life habits of the animals.
All animals are functionally constrained to varying extents by their body morphology. These
constraints determine where and how a species can live. Burrowers, for example, need to have not
only the appendage design required to move sediment particles, but also the appendages required
for moving water through the burrow in order to keep the burrow well-oxygenated. Alternatively,
the burrower would need to have a respiratory system that allows the animal to live anaerobically,
at least for a period of time. Similarly, adaptations for swimming (or perhaps more accurately, for
flotation) are critical for plankton dwellers. Such adaptations may comprise of structures that create
sufficient drag so that the animal doesn’t sink when it is not propelling itself forward or the ability
to alter its metabolism and store lipids so that buoyancy can be maintained.
This volume is aimed at providing a broad view of crustacean lifestyles, and, from this van-
tage point, increasing our understanding of the significance of features of crustacean morphology.
Crustaceans are probably the most diverse of all invertebrate groups, whether insects are included
or not. As a result, it would seem that crustaceans should make ideal target organisms for studies
of evolutionary development, physiology, or evolutionary ecology and not just phylogeny, as has
often been the case in the past. The chapters included here summarize the main ecological details
of crustacean lifestyles in all habitat types that crustaceans occupy. In that sense, it is also a modern
natural history book, and we hope the stories included will be of interest to crustacean biologists
who would like to know more about the animals they study, especially if that study occurs primarily
in the laboratory.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost, we appreciate very much the efforts of all the authors of chapters in this volume
for their dedication to the task of summarizing the lifestyles of the crustaceans of interest to them.
We especially thank our editorial assistants, Lucas Eastman and Annie Mejaes, without whose help
we would not have been able to complete the task, and also Ivan Hinojosa, for his work design-
ing our front cover. The generous contribution from Universidad Católica del Norte continues
to be essential for this project—we are grateful for their unconditional support that makes this
project possible. We also thank the unnamed colleagues who freely shared their time to provide
valuable comments on the chapters in this volume. As usual with a work of this size, the level of
effort required to carry it out meant that our families once again had to endure periods of inatten-
tion while we put this book together, and for their patience we are very grateful. Finally, we also
acknowledge our publisher, Oxford University Press, for its commitment to the project.
Editing of this book was generously supported by Universidad Católica del Norte, Chile.
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CONTRIBUTORS
EDITORS Paula Beatriz Araujo
Martin Thiel Departamento de Zoologia
Facultad Ciencias del Mar Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Universidad Católica del Norte Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, prédio 43435
Larrondo 1281 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS
Coquimbo Brazil
Chile
R. James A. Atkinson
3 Hill Street
Les Watling
Largs
Department of Biology
Ayrshire KA30 8DX
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Scotland
152 Edmondson Hall
UK
Honolulu, HI 96822
USA
ex University Marine Biological Station
Millport
AUTHORS Isle of Cumbrae KA28 0EG
Shane T. Ahyong Scotland
Australian Museum UK
6 College Street
Sydney, NSW 2010 J. Antonio Baeza
Australia 132 Long Hall
Department of Biological Sciences
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Clemson University
Sciences Clemson, SC 29634
University of New South Wales USA
Kensington, NSW 2052
Australia Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce
701 Seaway Drive
Fort Pierce, FL 34949
USA
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