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Kaplan’s
Clinical
Hypertension
Eleventh
Edition
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Kaplan’s
Clinical
Hypertension
Eleventh
Edition
Norman M. Kaplan, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Dallas, Texas
Ronald G. Victor, MD
Burns and Allen Professor of Medicine
Director, Hypertension Center
Associate Director, The Heart Institute
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
With a Chapter by
Joseph T. Flynn, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatrics
University of Washington School of Medicine
Chief, Division of Nephrology
Seattle Children’s Hospital
Seattle, Washington
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11th edition
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kaplan, Norman M., 1931- author.
Kaplan’s clinical hypertension / Norman M. Kaplan, Ronald G. Victor ; with a chapter by Joseph T. Flynn.—
Eleventh edition.
p. ; cm.
Clinical hypertension
Preceded by Kaplan’s clinical hypertension / Norman M. Kaplan, Ronald G. Victor ; with a chapter by Joseph
T. Flynn. 10th ed. c2010.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “The 11th Edition of Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension continues to integrate the latest basic sci-
ence findings and clinical trial data to provide current, practical, evidence-based recommendations for treatment
and prevention of all forms of hypertension. As in previous editions, abundant algorithms and flow charts are
included to aid clinicians in decision-making.”—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-4511-9013-7
I. Victor, Ronald G., author. II. Flynn, Joseph T., author. III. Title. IV. Title: Clinical hypertension.
[DNLM: 1. Hypertension. WG 340]
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of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions,
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To those such as
Goldblatt and Grollman,
Braun-Menéndez and Page,
Lever and Pickering,
Mancia, Brenner, and Laragh,
Julius, Hansson, and Freis,
and the many others, whose work
has made it possible for us to put
together what we hope will be
a useful book on clinical hypertension.
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Preface
ypertension continues to increase in preva- ◗ Give more attention to the common problems; the
H
lence both in developed and developing coverage of primary hypertension takes up more
countries, thereby expanding its role in car- than half.
diovascular and renal morbidity and mortality ◗ Cover every form of hypertension at least briefly,
worldwide. providing references for those seeking more infor-
Two major developments since the 10th edition mation. Additional coverage is provided on topics
are (1) percutaneous device-based therapy especially that have recently assumed greater importance,
with renal denervation but also carotid baroreceptor for example, renal denervation, new hypertension
pacing and (2) new hypertension guidelines. The guidelines, and primary aldosteronism.
surge of publications on both topics has raised more ◗ Cover the latest published data that we believe are
questions than answers and has lead to much debate useful to improve diagnosis and treatment.
among the experts, which stands to confuse clinicians, ◗ Provide enough pathophysiology to permit sound
patients, and policy makers. What is the future of clinical judgment.
device-based therapy, which seemed to hold such ◗ Be objective and identify areas of current
promise for drug-resistant hypertension? What are the controversy.
appropriate goals of medication therapy? Do certain
As before, Dr. Joseph Flynn, head of Pediatric
groups of patients deserve more intensive or less
Nephrology at Seattle Children’s Hospital, has con-
intensive therapy? We have attempted to address these
tributed a chapter on hypertension in childhood and
issues in a fair and balanced manner.
adolescence.
The overall literature about hypertension has
We thank all of the thousands of investigators
grown, perhaps even more than its increased preva-
whose work enables us to compose the 11th edition of
lence. A considerable amount of new information is
this book.
covered in this edition, presented in a manner that we
hope enables the reader to grasp its significance and
NormaN m. KaplaN, m.D.
place it in perspective. Almost every page has been
roNalD G. Victor, m.D.
revised, using the same goals as reached in previous
editions.
vii
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Contents
Dedication v
Preface vii
1
Hypertension in the Population at Large 1
2
Measurement of Blood Pressure 18
3
Primary Hypertension: Pathogenesis (with a Special Section
on Renal Denervation and Carotid Baroreceptor Pacing) 40
4
Primary Hypertension: Natural History and Evaluation 116
5
Management of Hypertension: Why, When, How Far 142
6
Treatment of Hypertension: Lifestyle Modifications 179
7
Treatment of Hypertension: Drug Therapy 198
8
Hypertensive Emergencies 263
9
Renal Parenchymal Hypertension 275
10
Renovascular Hypertension 297
11
Primary Aldosteronism 320
12
Pheochromocytoma (with a Preface About Incidental Adrenal
Masses) 341
13
Hypertension Induced by Cortisol or Deoxycorticosterone 364
14
Other Forms of Identifiable Hypertension 378
15
Hypertension with Pregnancy and the Pill 398
16
Hypertension in Childhood and Adolescence 418
Appendix: Patient Information 443
Index 445
iiixxx
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