Italian Grammar Made Easy (A Hodder Arnold Publication)

107 Pages·2006·6.88 MB·English

by  Mike Zollo

MikeZ ollAol,a nW esson
includienst eracctdi-vreo m
Irnotudction 1
1 Verbs
1.1T k ai Ina gb ouwth ayto ud o 4
1.1.1b ouvte r:wb h aitts h ien fvien?i ti 5
1.1.G2 rouopfvs e rb 7
1.1.3Ir reguvlearrb s 8
1.1.T4 he 'opnesor'ft he verb 10
1.1.F5 astatrc kv:e rb 12
Ordeprlse:a csoen tBaoocktpo inLtt1 d3,0 M iltPoonrA kb,i ngdOoxno,n
OX144 SBT.e leph(o+n4e04:11 2 3852 772F0o.(x + 404112 35 400454. 12.
Linoersoe p efnr o9m OO om to6 .00pMmo,n datyoS aturwdiatyoh, 2 4-hour T kai Ina gb out ywohuaa rtde o innogw :
messgaea nswersienrgvY iocuec o.n a lsoor dtehrr oouugwrhe bsite thper esteennts e 13
www .hoderdedcoutino.cuo.k.
1.2.T1 alkaibnogwu hta yto aur deo ianttg h smi oment:
Iyfo uh ovaen yc ommetnotm sa kaebo utth iosra, n yo fo uort hteirt plleesa,s e thper e ceontntio nuut een 14
sentdh etmoe ducotionenquicroui ke s@hodder 1.2.T2 alkaibnogu t eyl:oif ou r 15
1.2.T3 alktjon g omeyoonuen ogrer omeyoonkuen ow
BritLiisbhrC aortyo /09uiinPn ugb licDaottioo n weltlu: 24
A catalrogeuceo lrotdrh tiisit sal vea ilfarboltmeh B er itliisbhr ary 1.2.T4 alkaibnogsu otm eoonroe metheilen :lg u i/lei/2L9e i
1.2.T5 alkaibnu gty ouerla fn sdo meoenle n eo:i 35
ISBN-01 304 09 049 76
ISB1N 39 780 3409 049 78 1.2.T6 alktiomn ogr teah no nep eorn y oukn owwe lvlo:i 39
1.2.T7 alkaibnogou tth peero palnedt hnigsl:o ro/Loro4 1
FirEsdti tPiuobnl i2s0h0e5d
Impresnsuimobenr1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1.2.F8 asttr atchkpe:r een tt ense 44
Year 20092 0082 007 20062 005
Copyr©i g2h00t5 MikZeo llAol,aW ne sson 13. Negatiivenertsr,o geasat nidiv mepraetsi v 50
Alrlgih trse serNvoepo dr to ft hpiusb licmaatybei orenpr oduceodrt ronsmiinH ed 1.3.1e gat:ihvoewt oa yw hayto duo nd'ot 50
anyfo rmo rb ya nym eanesl,e ctorrom neicch aniicnacll,up dhiontgoc opy, 1.3.2I tnerrogaatk iivnqegus e:s tions 50
rwencllonrgdot irahn fnpegruyi ,ob n mll 1oosrrhums enotrdtolg e1eriroo ac nrre fenrtcoretmsi h yCeesov tpaweylimn tL,gh1 hpotceu ertnmA sigmseigsnn ic oyn 1.3.3I meprat:gi ivveoi rndg,e d ri recotrii onn truct5i2o n
L1m1Ftuerdt dhetoe1rol fss uclhi cen(clreoesrp rogrorpehpircod udmiaoyben l 1.3.F4 asttr ancekg:a t,ii nevtrer ogaatnidiv mepr ative6 0
obtaifnreotdmh Ceo pyrliigchte nAsgiennglc iym iotfe90 d T,o ttenChooumr t
Rood,L ondWo n1 4TL P
Alill lustdrraotwbinyoC nhsrB ilsy the/DaSetduadliuos 14. Thep astte nses 62
Typesient1 0.51/2 pNte wB askerbvySi elrlvFeii sl mseLHtMidan,ng c hester 1.4.T1 hep erfteecntis fleJ :a spsraoitsmoso 63
Prinatnedbd o unm dM ollfooH ro ddAerrn oolndi ,m proifHn otd dEedru catoi on,
membero ft hHeo ddHeera dlGirnoeu 3p3,8 E ustRooond ,L ondNoWn1 3BH. 1.4.2H owt of orm tphaesp ta rticiple 67
ReOexvievreib nt e h pertfeencste 72 2 Nounsa ndD eterminers v
iv 1.4.3 74
1.4.T4 hei meprfteceetn:w hetnou siet 74 2.1 Nounasn dg ender 141
How tfoor mt he eriefmcptte en
..Ilc l 111...444...56T7P heerp faote dr ice mptnfe ieiertt cfeten?:i p l assraeluow lo 7778 2.2N ouns tahnwedo rdfso' rte h'i:fI ,aet c. 151 ..!Ilc l
..Q)c 1.4.8F asttr atchkpe:a stte en 0 2.2.1i ngunloaurn s I1 5 c0
0 u
u
2.3N ounisnt h e aplil:gu, lr ain,d/ e I1 6
15. Thef uttuerneas ned t hceo nditional 81
. 82
1.5.T1 hef uturtee n'sweIi: .l .l.. 86 2.4N ounasn dt hweo rfdo 'ra' u:n u,n' u,n aon du na1 91
1.5.T2 hec ondit'iwIoo nual.ld.: .
86
1.5.3FH aoswtt rf atortocmh tk fe:huc eto uanrnidecodi on tnaidloi ntal 89 2.5H owt ot eilafl n ouinsm aslceui onrf eimnei n 121
1.5.4
2.6
Howt os ay' ym'',y o'u',h i'sh'e,ert 'c,. 132
16. Thes ubjunctive 90 2.6.1' My'i:l mIiamo i,ai ,m i e/iem, i e 132
91
1.6.1H ow ftorom t hseu jbunvcet i 2.6.2' Youirll'uo:la, l twil, uolPi l,u .e 142
93
1.6.2E xpesrsiownhsi tcahk tehs euj bunvcet i 2.6.3'l Isi a' nd'e hr:i' s/u ol,as uais, ou ile, s ue 152
94
1.6.3R ecoigisnntgeh s ujbunvcet i 2.6.4' Ouirl'1:1 0lsant oros,t irn ao,s t/er nio,s tre 162
95
1.6.4F astatrc kt:hs eu jbunvcet i 2.6.5' Yoru'i:vlo stIravo o,s tirv ao,s llerv io,se t r 162
2.6.6' Thre'ii:llo rol,al orolo,r leo il, o ro 172
2.6.7' You(orfmr'a l)il:u ol,as uais, ou ilP,s ue;i/l oor,
17. Othetre nses 96 la/ oor,il orleo l,o ro 172
2.6.8F asttr ancoku:an nsdd e tersm iner 182
18. Fasttr avcekr:b s 97 2.7M orde eteirnmers 192
2.7.1' Thi'sth'e,'s taeht'a',n 'dh tosqeue's:l uoe/sqta/quesli/
19. Usefeuxlp resussiiovnnegsr bs 99 queste/quo.e/lq/uqeuu/eell/al1/'q/quei/quegli1/92q uel/e
2.7.2'l Io mwu ch'?lI'o ,mw a nyq?ua'n:t oa/nqtua/quanli/
100
1.9.1Es searnes dt a·re quante? 103
1.9.2' Theirse/e a'cr:'re is, o no I OJ 2.7.3'o me'',o th'earl''la,'n ',ye 'v,e ertyc'., 103
1.9.3' Thoa vsep'e:c uisaeolsfa vere I0 L
140
1.9.4' Tkon o:ws 'aJefero rr onoscere?
150
1.9.5I mepro navle rbs 3 Pronouns
106
1.9.6'' aTBtco-ak etkr'o'on,-tbt fvor'e i ranbng d' l'otofokor /eftche/e'mt 3.1 lot,uL ,e liu,li e,ei s,s eos/s' a,II,y 'o Iu ',ehI ,sI h e I ,
1.9.7
170
ap erson 'ti:'s bujepcrto nouns 133
1.9.8' Troe membaenr'd' tf oor gte' 170 3.1.1l o',1 fr'is:pt e orn s ingular 143
108
1.9.9e gateixvpeessr ions 3.1.2T u',y osue'c:o pnedr ssoinn gufmalaiarlrf,i or m 143
101
1.9.1Q0u etsiowonr adsn wdo rodr der 3.1.3L ei'o,y us'e:c opnedor n s iunlgapro,l fiortme 143
1.9.1• 1i nce',a n''da thgoao v'jeu, 's d:ta f,aa ndaf Jjmut 1I I 3.1.4L u(ie gli), alneedis s(oe/'lelh·s',a s')as,,h 'ei't,' :
Fasttr amcokr:e aovenar neo dt hue erf ul verbIs1 2 thdip rerssoinn gular 143
1.9.12
3.1.5o i',w e':p efrisprolsnut r al 153
3.1.6V oi',y 'osu:e copnedr spolnu rfamalil,if aorrm 153
3.1.71 -o'ryo,os ue'c:o pnedr spolnu rpaoll,fior tme 153
3.1.8L or'ot, h'te:h di rpoenrp laulr 153
3.1.F9 asttr ascukjb:e cptr onouns 163

viii 6.3F asttr apcrke:p iotsions 167
.."' 6.4O theurs epfruelsp iotions 177
c::
�
..
0c:: 6.5E xprieosnossft ime 187
u
7 Coniunctiaonndso theurs eful
words
197
ItalGiraanm mMaard eE asiyas n I atligarna mmar
workbooka taa idumlnetod n n-gluiitshtais ta, d uwlittsh
VerTba bles 108
somreu dimaerknynt owleodfIga tel iwahnod, o n ot
Answers 129 necaersisklnyo w hainnaygbt ogurta mmbaurnt,e ed to
leaarnb oiustto t hecya pnr oegsrbse yopnhdar scbook
Iatlian.
Int hpea t g,r ammhaarb een as·aeb eanr rtiolen arg uage
learniInhtga p.su mto rpee opolfleTe arnail nnagg uage
thanh ahiset l pBeedc.ae ou f t hwea gyr ammhaarbs e en
poratyresdt,u dweenrtoesf tmeand teof e elt hoantl tyhe o
whoc oumlads t'ecrjo ungat'ai no'dn d eclecnosuilodn s'
leaarnl aunaggIen.f a tcy,o u cana c dawrri itvheo ut
mastetrhipenr gi ncoiftp hlieen st ecrnoamlb usetnigoi­nn e
buty oidufo l earn wthope urte otiahlne dh ow cthoe ck
thtey racn df iulptl h wei ncdr een wdaoschhse, l pi!t
Grt<mmairas b oruetc oignnwgio rpda ttwehrni gcihv e
yoauf rmaewotrokal naguaigyfeo;uk n otwh fer amework,
yocua 'n buinledwl' ag nuagoefy ouorw ni snteoafhd a ving
tol eaernv ehriygntb yh eart.
Fotroh sweh oar leakdnyo swo mIeat ligarna mmahro,r t
cutasrme a rked.. ..w..it..to eh n abyloetu og os tratiog ht
thieno frmatyiooun needf.ee lI fy oyuol uwie to kou ld
havmeo rien -dekpnwtolhe dagbeo aup ta rtigcrualmamra r
poinptl,e arseeefrt oA zioCnrf>a amtmiDc.Aa u st with M.
Zol1l9o97,/ 2020n0ed, d ition.
An intera0 -LRiOvaMec o mpantiiheb so ofkor uw iet h
a PT h.e 0 -ROcMo nteaxienrescs fi rm o thbeo oMko.s t
exercairsreee sc orsdote hdya otcu a lni to· atn eanit ve
speaskaeyrit nhsgee nteanncde thieasr' ec loincf'ka i cilty
toa llyoowtu or eatdeh E ngltiarsnhs laTthieorinae .l o
ornea dditliiosnitanemlgna tewrhiiapclrh o viad eu cful
reo uracnebd r intghlsea gnuagel eit.fo
Adjective
2 A sipmlgeud iet ot hpear tosfs epech 4 3
djecitvacr 'ed cer ibwionrgdT'sh .ea yr ues etdod escribe
c Ify ouk noww hatv erbsn,o unsp,r onouns, somt hgio nro meone. c
0 adverbs, etgco.o nat roe1 ,.1 . 0
'.0: the hnoeuwst eeh,r e cda art ,i fnyl aaw te,dt a yab, u sy ·.o:
u u
:::t secretary :::t
., .,
� Them osuts efcualt egoorrw ioersdt or ecoganrics:e 5 Adverb �
.. ..
c Verb'sd-oiwnogr'd s c
1
Adverabrwseo rwd hiucshu adlelsyc ravi ebreeb .,tg h. ey
Vertbsey lolwu h asto meoonrse o metihdsio nign g. descrhiobwse o metihdsio nngTe h.e oyf ten answer the
queLo inH ow?a ndi nE ngltihseohyf teenndi n-y l.
Ia mg oitnogIa tly.f rMiyeb nodok tehdfe l iIga hmgt o.i ng
toa m eeting. Her unfsa sSth.ee a tslso wIlctyo .m en atulyr!a l
Preiptoi ons
Youa lsuost eh etom a qku est00i0 ons 6
Havyeo sue etnh fei lAmery? o aul rli ght? PrcpiooLn ia rwco rwdsh iucshu atleylloylwu h ere
omchtigni s, ienu.,ng rd.>ro ,nW .o rdssu cahst ofo,r w, tih,
antd og ivien structions.
000 anwdi thaoruactlo p respiotions.
FetcihtS !lo dwo wnH!ej lmJ e!W ait!
Verub u alplrye stehnmeto t p roblseomt shs,ee ction
dealintgeh mwi itsth hlen o geosntae n cdo mer siftnti he
book.
Nou-n' namwionrgd'
2
oun et ahrweo rwdsh itcehyl olu :
• whasto metihsi:ng
at imetaat brlea,a,i s ntant,ait woona,s ecret
• who omeiosn:c
a tewaarb da,nc kle ,ra kb akaes rt,eu ndt
Pronoun
3
Pronoaurnweso rwdsh i'ct ha nidnf 'or nao un.
ignor Bii Iaatlnicahinig. nB oira nlcviheiisn R ome.
Isnteoafrd e paetgiS nignBoirca nhyio,cu a sna hye .
ignBoira nicsIha til iHaenl v.ie isn R ome.
Int hea mew ayy,o cua sna syh ient seaodfr pegaM tairinsa
int hfeol lowsienngt ence.
Mariweotrtikasn P iombSihnweoo .r akt t hfere rpyo rt.
Thesaerac l spor ono/uy,nosui:,to ,n ew,et ,l umey,u, s t,h em.
11.. 1Ab ovuertb :ws haitts h iefn iinviet? 5
...... If..y o..uk ..n oww hatt hei nfiniitsig,vo eo n to1 .1 2..
Ill
Wheyno luo oukp vae ribn d iac tyi,yo onwuai rflilnt dh e ..a
..
infvienf orimto ifi lti sftriesTdth .i ists e h' namoeft' h e �
verb.
ab ouwth ayto duo InE ngltihsiehn ,f vienc iontsioif's tt+sov 'ereb.,g .e a''t,t o
'otb uil'dtp'oan, it '.
1.1 . 1 .
Ify ouk noww hata verbi sg,o o n to Heera rseo mIet aliinafvnie nYsio.tup i robakbnlosywo me
oft ehma rleaodryc agnu esw hat mtehaeny.
Youu saev ertbot aalbko wuhta sto meoonre m seothgi n
doeisd ,o inhgad,so noer,i tnentdos odrio bs e inhga,s m eeh owm anyyo cua mna tcuhpw itthh eir English
beeni nontrde tso be. A vcearlbal d ecodai non rg b e coutnerparts:
beiwnogr d.
a porlore tow ash
b preporore tot arvel
Tof ionudita fw oridas v earbsy ko urissfoe mlefco onuedl oid t .
c orgonizzore to study
de ntrore to laoto/kc heck
I Whicohft hewsoer adrst eh gisyn ou dcoa?n e vioggiore toi nvite
f portore top repare
a walk f computer g conter ollor tos peak
b trainers g behind h inovriel toc arry/take/wear
c shout h red i lovare too rgaen i
d invent listen j studiore to enter
e loud j before
Thesareue s uarleelfrrye tdo a s-a rve erbbse catuhsee ir
Somweo rdcsabn e u sed asa nvndeo rubnosrsa jdeicvtes. infiivnfeori mte ndisn- a re.
e.'grD.i ncka'bn e dar iinnakc uopr p arotft hvee r'bt o
drink'.
Trtyol ofooksr ia mriiblteitewIset eanal niEdan ng lSoimsoehr .e
obvifooeurxs a:m epnllemr eoratenoe s n tOetrh.oe rrlese ss
AsAkr:te h 'edyo iitnIt?gfh ' oe ryie it as v erb. obvisouuacsshv, i ogwghioimrceeha ntsr a(tvooter ogl oo na
vyoagaen)o;ti chsoe nrt rmoela/ntoiorcn ehg e scikm,ti otl haer
idoefo' coonlwt'hr,ii coshfc ouarnsoetm heearnf iotnrhgv i esr b.
II Whicohft hiet iacliwzoerdda srbc e iunsge adsv erbs?
Don't tbote r oyaut fthr elatsiil'etdel eoaffp asit thhi'na,rk oiunngd
a .Jaacnkd. Jairlctl o appeaaj rJ aiitatn yh le o ctahle atre. thaer eoafps os simbelaen iynoggu:ur e swsiuelsslu aclolry.r ebcet
b Thewyi ljlJ lthaleye adipanrgt s.
c Thewyo rd11u ritnhgde a yi na no mcc.
ThIet ailniiftaiiinonsv f et ent ogu iscveoedm maensdpisea,col nl y
dA ftweor rtlh1eg yot or ehearsals.
publica nnedos tpieccweihsaet,lnle l lpyie nogpn lotetod o
e Tonigthhtea yr ch avian mge ettoi dnigs ctuhspesr oudction.
somheitng:
fT hey amreer' liintn hgte ch au·bca r.
g Thenye etod discfuisns ance. Aprcioranet tenzionOepe.nc aruelfly
h Locaslp onsuosrusa Jilnlcy mtcheper oductions. Viectooeltspot lor'rbeea . Don't ownat lhkge r ass!
i Thep roducer t1·ephoatrthts ti si em thewriel beln os ponssohrip.
j Accordtoi nngew sparpeefrJ tohrselp so nssh oarvgeo nbea nkrupt.
IV Heera rseo mmeo r-ear ve erbs.m aHnooyfwt hedmoy ou
knoawle radTyh?e aylh la vteod ow itfoohd a neda tiTnrgy.
top arit ehmo fcfo rrewcitttlhhy em iera nngis Einng lish.
6 a cucinore tos prinkle 1.21 G.rouposfv erbs 7
b cenore
tot haw
c spruzzore to eat Grou1p: Grou2p: Grou3p:
..0Il l d congelore tom ix -arvee rbs -ervee rbs -irvee rbs ..0Il l
..Q) e sgelore tod ine porlore prendere doirrm e fiirne �..
> f brasore tol unch mongiore scrivere servirep reerfire
g versore toc ut
h tagliare tof reeze
manigore toc ook Ify ouk nowh ow to fitnhde' stemo'r' oroto'f a
1.3 1. .
j pranzare tob raise verbg,o o nt o
k mescolare top our In Enwgelj isusthh a,vr ege ulaanrdi r regvuelraAbr vs e.r b
lei' ktdoa nciers'e gu'ldaarn:' cdea'n,c' edsa'n',c, e d
Iyfo fui indtdi ftfoli ecanurelwnwto drst,rt yof ian' doh otko' 'dancaendad'v ,e rlbie ' ktfoli yis'rr geul'alfry:''l f,i es',
hantgh eomne :. cgu.c inboarsee dcu coi-nnk oitcwhheiincs,h 'fl'elwfo'w',n.
lickuei siinn eF Srieamnricillhyyf.o, u ktongolwi wotheilclhe,
Asy ohua vper obaabrlleyan doyt iIcateladinv, e rabrse
meapnass ctuiatn s ttory iopcusa e,na srielmye mtbhteaortg liore
morceo mpaltieIcdat.l isacnh oolchhaivltedos r peenn d
mubsett oc ut.
yealraesrn inagla lb oIuattl ivaenr bsw,e c baufnti nsdo me
shortIcatultiasal.nsh oar sge ulaanrdi r regvuelrabbrus ,t
Morteh 5a0n%o fE ngwloirsddhes r firvLoeam t aisdn o, more weu suadlilvyiIa dtlei raeng uvlearrib nstt ohe rem ain
th9a0n%o fI tawloiraidnns ;d eoencdeo, u slodty h Iatta ilsi an groutpoms a kteh eema stioelr e adrne,p endoinn g
modeLrantO ifcn o.u trhsmiees a nsi yfot duho ankt'n toa wv erb, whetthehei rn fviene indtisin( 1-)ae r,( 2-)e orre( 3-)e;i r
yocua jnu ssaty Etnhgvele iwrsibha t nhI taalcicaeynon huta :v e thsli agsrto uhpat wsou b-ugprsao,sw es haslelle a ter.
a5 0%c haonfcb ee iunnegdr s.t ood
The sotrer mo,oo tft, h vee ribts h paatr wth iiclshe afftt er
yotua koeft feh e ndiInitgus .s eidnm akitnhgoe t hpearr ts
V Whadto y otu hitnhkIea t lifaornt hseev erwbosu lbde? oft hvee rwbh iycohuu s teo tl akab otuhtp ea satn dt he
Covert huIeapt liaannd syeoecu a inf wiootru kot r,j oin future.
thceo rrpeaciwtri sta lh i ne.
VI Whicghr oduope esa cvhe rbbe lotnoag n wdh aitis t sst em?
a tob egin terminare (eRmembteark:oe ft fh -ear e-,re eo r- eit rof intdhs et e.m)
b toa ccept valutare a vendere tos ell (2v)e nd
c lOs eparate pubblicare b mostrore tos how
d toe vaulate navei gor c conlare to sing
e tos teal goirre d sloi re to gou p
f tos ail cominciore e Iavere tow ash
g top ublish separare f concluderet oe nd
h lOt urn rubare g oscoltore tol isten
toc ontinue continuore h chuidere toc lose
j toe nd accettore losciore tol eave
j prendere tot ake
Masvte rbbass oenad n ouonra na djeacntbdia vseoe,nwd o rds k scegliere toc hoose
'mipor'ft reoodtmh learna ggeus·,o rvaeer reb s: poarrte toc arry, wear
m tornare tor eturn
pronzol unch pronzorteo hlavuen ch
film lilm Filmoreto l ilm n venire to come
fox fax fxoore to fax 0 dorm ire to sleep
rischiroi sk rischiotorr ei sk
8 Fortutnhmaeta ejyloo yrfI,i t tavleirbabensl toogn rgo 1ul p- ore orne verbwsi tht emp cllicnhga n(ghete f ormgsi vaernc 9
exampolnel:sy )
verabnsd) thmeoysr tgeolurylWe ah rew.ne s otyh oeryre ge ular,
we mtehafenoy l tlhoew pastotmeseroi yn fo, lu e aornnye o,u
dovere lO havteo devo Ih avlOe Ill
cowno roku te ntdhieyn ongues ef doa rlt lho et hers. dobbiomow eh avteo ..0""'
G)
sedersit os it mis iedo Is it >
csie diomow es it
11.3. Irreugalrv erbs tenere LO hold tegno Ih old
orne vaerracbw kwaarnddd o 'nrte aflilityn taon y tieni you hold
patternT.h ey caarlcilr eredg uvlearrTb hsi.m se antsh at usicr e lOgoO Ut esco Ig oo ut
yohua vteol eatrnh esme paraatnedol,fcy o,u rtsheea,yr c usciomo weg o out
thvee rybosau r lcie lktyow anttou smco sFto.ur ntately, venire toc ome vengo Ic ome
vieni
yopur obakbnloyqw u ei tlao otft heamrl eadaylo,tu hgh rouc ome
yomu ignhotbt e a waorfei tfor:e xampyloepu,r obably
knotwh a'tkIn oiw's(o i) osr'o dI o nk'nto iws'(o i)n on so ome vweirtbsh p eicaslp leilcnhga ng(etshf orem gsi ven
butth ien fvieni i atpeire. are xampolnel:sy )
Note itnIha talatin , ptehresw oonr idos nluys ewdh en
cercoret ol oofkor ,t ot rlOy cerco Il oofko r
emhpasoircs l airniset eyd beedc,a tueshd eif ferenvte rb
cerchiy out rlOy
perseonndn giasr cel eaanrdd isLtiivne iwnr ibtaotntedhn
pogore top ay pogo Ip ay
spokfeornm s.
poghi )'LOpIa y
Ths carteh meo sitm poritrraengtuv learrtb olsa e rn,
becatuhsee yt hamero es uts ed:
Iyfo uk notwh reu loefp cllainnpdgor nouncIaitlaning,
inliivnei:Le ssetrobe e- ove-rteoh ave ondoLOr geo - you mniogithctteah ti ne acohft heev ertbhs-e Iti -bse ing
ifoor m: son-Ioa m ho-Ih ave vod-oIa mg oing usetdok eetph seo unodft hce/ g.
Somvee rabrsoe n liyr regiuncl ratrfa orimnsa ,n od tehrs otael stoh vaetr bbass oenda ni rregluavre rfbol lotewh
arcco mpleirtreegluyMl aanrhy.a vper edicstepalbgll ien samier regpualtatrfeo rner,x ample:
chaensog nliyn ofrnorem so,f tseinm ptloy pretsehe rve
sloi re tog ou p ries olir tog ou pa gain
sounodfa c onsoonrat no't s trenn'tg htseho unodfa
tenere toh old sonsetree lO sustain
vowle.
venire to come convenirlOe a gree
ornev erwbisti hre rgulairnic teiretfsaor imnos n ly: cercoret ol oofkor ricercorteos eck
vn Matcthhi en fiivneist.
porre top ut pagno Ip ut
pongono t.hey*/p yuotu a LO knowh owt o volere
riemroen lOr emain rimongoI r emain b tos ee andere
rimongotnehoy/ yorue main c toh ave essere
sloi re tog ou p soglo Ig ou p d tog o sopere
solgonot ehy/yogouu p e tob ea ble to dovere
voleret ob ew ort.h vaglo Ia mw orth f to hlOa ve fore
volgonot hye/yoaur weo rth g tow antto potere
h LO take overe
* otet:h ifosrm o fy oui su sefdo trw oo rm orep eopyloeu d on ot i tob e prendere
know w(etelh flor mapll uilrflor m). j tod o vedere
10 1 .41 T.h'eep rosnsof't hvee rb Not1eN. o tihcoewt hfeor ma'ly oiunt' h ei ngualnadr 11
pluirwsar il ttweinta ch a piLt;t ahlhi esl ptsi gnduhiit ehm
.......I..fy o.u know abou'tp etrhseo onfs 't he gvoet rob frmo 'shaen'd' tehyi'nw 1;tftorem.n
VI 11.5.. VI
..0'" Not2e.Y o um ayo metei ommca eor thael teirnvaet ..0'"
� Whewne t aalbko ouuter l v,ie it c altlhe'edf tip re orns'. formf or' haen'd' h eg'i vienbn r akcets. �
Whewne t lakab oourtt o'o yu'iit,c altlhe'des econd
lot,ul ,u leiie, t acr.ce a lplreodn obuencsa tuhsee' ys tand
peorn W'h.e wne t lakab ouotm coenlec i itcs a ltlehde
inf'or o,r r eprnetas,p e ersoortn hn igM.r mit-h'heM'r;
'tdhp ierorn '. thoailtnIea t laint,h feor maflor mosf y ou,
andM rs mit-h'hteyj'i;mm itahn dI -'wee't,c .
leia ndlo ruo ,te eh t hdip rer voenr bs.
Tui o nluye dw hetna lktioanc gh ialr dle,a toirov enr y
InE nglwieso hn,lc yh antgheee n diwnhge wne a rtea lking goofdir enIdit.m lpiaec se rtdaeignro efie ni mtacayn d
abohuet/ sohre iwta:l- kh'ewI a lks'. hounlodbt e u etdoa ddersasn a duulnlte hseso r he
inviyottue o u ietLe ;ii use df orf ormailut ati.To hne
Singular Plural amei tsr uient hpel aulwr itvhoa in dLo rtoh,o ghut hsi
firpsetr son It alk wet alk latftonenri h ardelvyeu rs endo w, vaoiniusd s eidn esatd.
secopnedr son yotua lk yoLua lk luleii/', h e/sho ew'o.ir usds uaule ldfy or ' i(tb'us tee
thipredr son he/shtea/likts thLeayl k 31.4.)a,se vehriyntignI a tilaines i htemra c uleoi rn
feimnei;en vewni ndaonwdd ooarr fee imneiw nor.d
Inm anlya unaggtehsv ee rebn dgic nhanagcec doirntgo
loir oc udf or agnryo uopfp eop(loetr h inwghse)t her
whoi d oitnhgae c taionyndo hua vteol eatrnh pea ttern
malfeme,a lem ioxre d.
oft hvee rIbnI.a tlitahnee,n dicnhga nignecs l epaart terns
tos howwh oi d ·oitnhgae t oin. ..... F..o..rm o.r ei nformatoinop nr onoungso,t oc hapte3r.
FortuinInat taenllooiytna, oln ry te he en disnpegdlsfit e frebnuttl y, VIIIW hicphr onowuonu lyoduu sc?
thaelysl o udnidf fseotr heeinrnstee , v aenrcy o nfusion about who a Yoaur tca lking •aIbfo:u t yotuur sio lui
idso ingi itwws ho arltte:ha rtnhietnmhg o rougihasll ys.o This Ia ms peaking.
whtyh e 'wpeorrsodorsune's unaolntle yee dd. b Yoaur tca lkaibnoagug ti rlfriendio: voil ei
c Yoaur tca lkaibnoagum t a lfer iend:n oil uil ei
Singular Plural d Yoaur tca lkaibnoyguo tu rself luil ie nio
anadm alfer ·icnd:
firpsetr son (ipoor)l o (npooril)i omo e Yoaur tea lktoit nwlgoi uglicr ls: tu noiv oi
secopnedr son (tpour)l i (vpooril)o te fY oaur Lea ltkoia s ntgr anger: Lie voit u
thipredr son (lupoir/ilae i) (loporrol)o no g Yoaur tea lkaibnoagug tr ooufwp o men:li u leil oro
h Yoaur tea lkaibnoagum t i xed lorloe in oi
io groourapg rooufmp e n:
you tu
yo(uf ormal) Lei IX Which prwoonuoyluodnuu s weh eyno aur tea lkaibnogu t:
he lu(ie gli) a youfrri Peanodl o nio luil ei
she le(ie lla) b youfrr iMeanrdi a lorloie tu
we( mfyr iaennIdd) noi c ignBoira nchi voiL ie liu
you voi d igncos ri gnLorarian i lorloe iL oro
yo(up lfuorramla l) Loro e ignBoiraahn ics ignLorani1n i: lorloe in io
they Io ro fy ourasneydlo fum ra lfer iend noiv oi0
g yourself tu voii o
h Paolo, GeMu agrliiae lmo lorvoo in oi
ignMoarrii Bnaor,eiD lulcaa ti nio voil oro
j yourasneydlo fuf rr ieinldavsni Cdaa rlaIo ron oiv oi