England and Rome in the Early Middle Ages: Pilgrimage, Art, and Politics

396 Pages·2014·9.762 MB·English

by  Francesca Tinti

England and Rome in the
Early Middle Ages
STUDIES IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
Editorial Board under the auspices of the
Centre for Medieval Studies, University of York
Elizabeth M. Tyler, University of York
Julian D. Richards, University of York
Ross Balzaretti, University of Nottingham
Laura Napran (Editorial Assistant)
Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book.
Volume 40
England and Rome in the
Early Middle Ages
Pilgrimage, Art, and Politics
Edited by
Francesca Tinti
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
England and Rome in the early Middle Ages : pilgrimage, art, and politics.
-- (Studies in the early Middle Ages ; 40)
1. England--Relations--Italy--Rome.
2. Rome (Italy)--Relations--England.
3. Great Britain--History--Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066.
4. Rome (Italy)--History--476-1420.
5. Great Britain--Church history--449-1066.
6. Pilgrims and pilgrimages--Italy--Rome--History--To 1500.
7. English--Italy--Rome--History--To 1500.
8. England--Civilization--To 1066.
9. Rome (Italy)--Civilization.
10. England--Civilization--Italian influences.
I. Series
II. Tinti, Francesca, 1971- editor.
303.4'8242045632'09021-dc23

ISBN-13: 9782503541693

© 2014, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
D/2014/0095/102
ISBN: 978-2-503-54169-3
e-ISBN: 978-2-503-54204-1
Printed on acid-free paper
Contents
Illustrations vii
Acknowledgements ix
Abbreviations x
Introduction: Anglo-Saxon England and Rome
FRANCESCA TINTI 1
Not All Roads Lead to Rome
DAVID A. E. PELTERET 17
Beyond Rome: The Cult of the Archangel Michael
and the Pilgrimage to Apulia
LUCIA SINISI 43
Hosting Foreigners in Early Medieval Rome:
From xenodochia to scholae peregrinorum
RICCARDo SANTANGELI VALENzANI 69
Rome: The Pilgrims’ City in the Seventh Century
ALAN THACkER 89
Anglo-Saxons Underground:
Early Medieval graffiti in the Catacombs of Rome
LUISA IzzI 141
Roman Highlights and their English Afterlife
VERoNICA oRTENBERG WEST-HARLING 179
vi Contents
Peter’s Pence and Before: Numismatic Links
between Anglo-Saxon England and Rome
RoRY NAISMITH 217
Alcuin, Rome, and Charlemagne’s Imperial Coronation
MARIoS CoSTAMBEYS 255
The Rise and Fall of the Archbishopric of Lichfield
in English, Papal, and European Perspective
THoMAS F. X. NoBLE 291
The Archiepiscopal Pallium in Late Anglo-Saxon England
FRANCESCA TINTI 307
The Performance of Piety: Cnut, Rome, and England
ELAINE TREHARNE 343
Index 365
Illustrations
Figures
Figure 1, p. 157. Fresco of Milix and Pumenius. Rome, Catacomb of Pontianus.
Figure 2, p. 158. Fresco of the Baptism of Christ. Rome, Catacomb of Pontianus.
Figure 3, p. 158. Fresco of the Coronatio Martyrum. Christ flanked by Abdon
and Sennen, Milix and Bicentius. Rome, Catacomb of Pontianus.
Figure 4, p. 159. Jewelled Cross. Rome, Catacomb of Pontianus. Watercolour
by Joseph Wilpert.
Figure 5, p. 162. Coronatio Martyrum. Christ flanked by Simplicius and
Faustinus, Viatrix and Rufinianus. Roma, Catacomb of Generosa. Water-
colour by Joseph Wilpert.
Figure 6, p. 183. Giacomo Grimaldi, drawing of the chapel of John VII in old
St Peter’s, giving an overall view of the chapel apse cycle.
Figure 7, p. 219. (a) Base-metal solidus of Constantine V (741–75) with his
son Leo IV, minted in Rome, 751–75; (b) silver denarius of Pope Hadrian I
(772–95), minted in Rome, c. 781–95; (c) silver penny of Wulfred, arch-
bishop of Canterbury (805–32), minted in Canterbury by the moneyer
Sæberht, c. 810–15.
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
Maps
Map 1, p. 19. Some place-names, rivers, regions, and kingdoms especially rele-
vant when identifying routes between England, Rome, and beyond in the
Anglo-Saxon period.
Map 2, pp. 90–91. Main cult sites in Rome and surrounding cemeterial areas.
Tables
Table 1, p. 218. Numbers of English coin-finds from Rome and the rest of Italy,
arranged by date.
Table 2, p. 225. Non-Anglo-Saxon coin-finds from Italy, c. 780–970/75.
Table 3, p. 314. The succession of popes and archbishops of Canterbury and
York in the late Anglo-Saxon period.
Acknowledgements
This volume is the fruit of scholarly exchange and collaboration which
started with the organization of two sessions at the Leeds International
Medieval Congress in July 2010. That occasion demonstrated that the
theme of the relations between England and Rome in the early Middle Ages
attracts a great deal of interest, and it provided the opportunity to meet several
other scholars who were working on various aspects of this theme. The editor is
grateful to all participants and to those who, both on that occasion and through
subsequent exchanges, agreed to contribute to this volume.
Special thanks are due to Elizabeth Tyler, as general editor of the series in
which the book is published, for her patience and generous advice; to Guy
Carney and his colleagues at Brepols for their help and assistance; to Shannon
Cunningham for her patient copy-editing; and to the anonymous reader for
his/her useful comments and suggestions. The editor, authors, and publisher
are very grateful to the following for permission to reproduce illustrations:
Ashgate Publishing Limited (Map 2); Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia
Sacra (Figures 1–5); Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Figure 6); Fitzwilliam
Museum, Cambridge (Figure 7).
This publication is part of the activities conducted by the research group
IT751–13, funded by the Basque Government, and the Unidad de Formación e
Investigación UFI11/02 of the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU.
Francesca Tinti
San Sebastián, April 2013
Abbreviations
Bede, HE Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, ed. and trans. by Bertam
Colgrave and R. A. B. Mynors (oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969)
Chronicle of John of Worcester
The Chronicle of John of Worcester, ii: The Annals from 450 to 1066,
ed. and trans. by R. R. Darlington, P. McGurk, and Jennifer Bray
(oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995)
Councils and Synods
Councils and Synods with Other Documents Relating to the English
Church, i: a.d. 871–1204, ed. by Dorothy Whitelock, Martin Brett,
and C. N. L. Brooke, 2 vols (oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981) (cited
by volume and page number)
EHD English Historical Documents, i: c. 500–1042, ed. by Dorothy
Whitelock, 2nd edn (London: Eyre Methuen, 1979)
ICUR Inscriptiones christianae urbis Romae septimo saeculo antiquiores,
nova series, ed. by Angelo Silvagni and others, 10 vols (Città del
Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1922–92)
Jaffé, RP Philipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia ad
annum post Christum natum mcxcviii, 2nd edn, 2 vols (Leipzig: Veit,
1885–88; repr. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1956)
LP Le ‘Liber Pontificalis’: texte, introduction et commentaire, ed. by
Louis Duchesne, 2nd edn, 3 vols (Paris: de Boccard, 1955–57)
Sawyer P. H. Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters: An Annotated List and Biblio-
graphy, Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, 5 (London:
Royal Historical Society, 1968) (cited by charter number) (available
in an electronic and updated form at <http://www.esawyer.org.uk>)