Empire and Imperial Ambition: Liberty, Englishness and Anti-Imperialism in Late Victorian Britain (Library of Victorian Studies)

299 Pages·2011·1.98 MB·English

by  Mira Matikkala

Mira Matikkala is Academy of Finland Research Fellow in the
Department of History, University of Helsinki. She holds a PhD from
Cambridge University.
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd ii 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
P1:PHB Trim:138mm×216mm Top:1in Gutter:1in
IBBK043-01 IBBK043-Serieslist-Demis ISBN:9781848852471 October11,2010 15:1
LIBRARY OF VICTORIAN
STUDIES
SeriesISBN:9781848852471
Seewww.ibtauris.com/LVSforafulllistoftitles
1.Aristocracy,Temperanceand 4.EmpireandtheImperialAmbition:
SocialReform:TheLifeofLady Liberty,Englishnessand
HenrySomerset Anti-Imperialismin
OlwenClaireNiessen LateVictorianBritain
9781845114848 MiraMatikkala
9781848856097
2.SirRobertPeel:TheLife
andLegacy 5.VictoriansAgainsttheGallows:
RichardA.Gaunt CapitalPunishmentandthe
9781848850354 AbolitionistMovementin
NineteenthCenturyBritain
3.Reformers,Patronsand
JamesGregory
Philanthropists:TheCowper-Temples
9781848856943
andHighPoliticsin
VictorianEngland
JamesGregory
9781848851115
ii
EMPIRE AND
IMPERIAL
AMBITION
Liberty, Englishness and Anti-Imperialism
in Late-Victorian Britain
Mira Matikkala
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
Published in 2011 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd
6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU
175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010
www.ibtauris.com
Distributed in the United States and Canada
Exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan
175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010
Copyright © 2011 Mira Matikkala
The right of Mira Matikkala to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been
asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988.
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof,
may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Library of Victorian Studies 4
ISBN 978 1 84885 609 7
A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress catalog card: available
Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press (India)
Camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the author
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd iivv 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
I’m not a ‘Little Englander’ – a ‘patriot’ am I,
Endowed with all that’s good and great – which no one can deny;
I’m proud of all my ancestors, and love my native land,
And in her great and sacred Cause I’m longing to ‘expand.’
A frog of old, we have been told, for Glory felt a thirst,
And, trying well his skin to swell, expanded till he burst.
A Jingo true, no doubt, will view the moral of that story,
And say with pride, ‘See how he died, expanded in his glory.’
Then let us all expand, my boys, by Glory fed and nursed;
Expand, expand, in every land, expand until we burst!
January 1899
Poem by Sir Wilfrid Lawson, Bart., MP
Drawing by F. Carruthers Gould1
1 Sir Wilfrid Lawson and F. Carruthers Gould, Cartoons in Rhyme and Line (London,
1905), p. 59.
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd vv 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd vvii 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
CONTENTS
Abbreviations ix
Introduction: multiple faces of an imperial culture 1
PART I: THE DEBATE ON ECONOMY AND
IMPERIAL EXPANSION
1 The costs and gains of the empire 23
2 Anti-aggression and anti-war movements 40
3 India and the drain theory 54
PART II: THE ETHICS OF IMPERIALISM AND
ANTI-IMPERIALISM
4 Patriotism, ‘loyalty’, and morality 77
5 Progress and civilisation – or degradation
and re-barbarisation 98
6 Old and new liberal anti-imperialism 121
PART III: THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND
POLITICAL DEBATE ON THE EMPIRE
7 The nature of the British empire 145
8 British anti-imperialists and Egyptian and Indian nationalists 159
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd vviiii 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
viii Empire and Imperial Ambition
9 India, Africa, and imperialism in British party politics 182
Conclusions 204
Notes 208
Bibliography 266
Index 283
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM
ABBREVIATIONS
BL British Library (London)
BLPES British Library of Political and Economic Science (London)
CR Contemporary Review
FM Fitzwilliam Museum (Cambridge)
FR Fortnightly Review
NAI National Archives of India (New Delhi)
NC Nineteenth Century
NR National Review
OHBE The Oxford History of the British Empire
OIOC Oriental and India Office Collections (British Library, London)
PR The Positivist Review
SHL Senate House Library (University of London)
MMaattiikkkkaallaa__PPrreelliimmss..iinndddd iixx 1100//2288//22001100 22::1144::0066 PPMM