Table Of ContentDISMANTLING THE MEXICAN STATE?
LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES SERIES
General Editors: Philip O'Brien and Peter Flynn
This series is an initiative designed to give a comprehensive analysis of
some of the many complex problems facing contemporary Latin America
and individual Latin American countries.
Selected titles
David E. Hojman (editor)
NEO-LIBERAL AGRICULTURE IN RURAL CHILE
Dermot Keogh (editor)
CHURCH AND STATE IN LATIN AMERICA
David Slater
TERRITORY AND STATE POWER IN LATIN AMERICA:The
Peruvian Case
Dismantling the
Mexican State?
Edited by
Rob Aitken
Lec/ura in Anthropology
Universi/y College, London
Nikki Craske
Lee/urer, Depar/moll ofGovernment
University of Manchester
Gareth A.lones
Lecturer, Department ofGeography
University ofWales, SlVansea
and
David E. Stansfield
Lecturer in Politics
Institute ofLa/in American Studies
Universily ofGlasgolV
Firsl publishcd in Greal Brilain 1996 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingsloke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and reprcscnlalivcs
Ihroughoullhe world
A calaloguc rccord for Ihis book is available
from the Brilish Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-24449-2 ISBN 978-1-349-24447-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-24447-8
Firsl published in the Uni ted States of Amcrica 1996 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue,
New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-16003-6
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dismanlling Ihc Mexiean slate I edited by Rob Aitken ... (eI al.J.
p. cm. - (Latin American studies serics)
Includes bibliographieal referenees and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-16003-6 (cloth)
I. Mexico-Politics and govemment-1988- 2. Political parties
-Mexico. I. Aitken, Rob. 11. Sc ries: Latin Alllcrican studies
se ries (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
JLI281.D57 1996
320.972'09'049--dc20 95-53128
CIP
Selcclion and editorial maUer © Rob Aitken, Nikki Craske, Gareth A. Jones and
David E. Slansfic1d 1996
Texi © Macmillan Press LId 1996
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1996 978-0-333-64248-1
All righls reserved. No reproduetion, copy or transmission of
Ihis publication may be made without wriUen pennission.
No paragraph of this publieation Illay be reproduced, copied or
Iransmiued save with wriUen permission or in aecordance wilh
Ihe provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under thc tcmlS of any licenee pemliuing Iinlited eopying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 ToUenham Court
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Any person who does any unaulhorised aet in relation to this
publication may be Iiable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
10987654321
05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Map of Mexico by states x
Introduction xi
Abbreviations xv
Notes on the Contributors xviii
I. Alan Knight
Salinas and Social Liberalism in Historical Context
2. Rob Aitken
Neoliberalism and Identity: Redefining State and Society in Mexico 24
3. Kathy Powell
Neoliberalism and Nationalism 39
4. lohn Weiss
Economic Policy Reform in Mexico: The Liberalism Experiment 58
5. Nikki Craske
Dismantling or Retrenchment? Salinas and Corporatism 78
6. Victoria E. Rodriguez and Peter M. Ward
The New PRI: Recasting its Identity 92
7. Gustavo Vicencio
The PAN's Administration in Baja California:
The Struggle for a Free and Sovereign State 113
8. David E.Stansfield
The PAN: The Search for Ideological and Electoral Space 130
9. lorge Regalado
The Opposition and the 1994 Presidential Elections in Mexico 152
10. lohn Gledhill
The State, the Countryside ... and Capitalism 169
11. Gareth A. Jones
Dismantling the Ejido: A Lesson in Controlled Pluralism 188
v
Dismant/ing the Mexican State? vi
12. Ann Varley
Delivering the Goods:
Solidarity, Land Regularisation and Urban Services 204
13. Jane Hindley
Towards a Pluricultural Nation:
The Limits of Indigenismo and Article 4 225
14. Will Pansters
Citizens with Dignity:
Opposition and Government in San Luis Potosl, 1938-93 244
15. Colin Clarke
Opposition to the PRI 'hegemony' in Oaxaca, 1968-94 267
Bibilography 291
Index 312
Contents vii
List of Tables
4.1 Alternative Measures ofthe Government Oeficit (1982-92) 61
4.2 Inflation and Real Exchange Rate Index (RER) (1982-82) 63
4.3 External Resource Transfers (1982-90) 64
4.4 GOP and Balance ofPayments Current Account (1982-90) 70
4.5 Foreign Investment Inflows (1983-92) 71
7.1 Comparison of figures on Taxpayers and Tax Paid in BC 121
8.1 PRI's perfomance in PAN 'strongholds' 137
8.2 PRl's performance in PRO 'strongholds' 138
8.3 Presidential Votes in Northern states 143
8.4 Presidential Votes in Centre-North states 146
8.5 Presidential Votes in the OF and the state ofMexico 147
8.6 Presidential Votes in Southern states 147
8.7 Presidential Votes in PAN Governed states 148
12.1 Expropriations of ejido lands for regularisation by CORETT,
1973 -April 1994 2\0
12.2 Time taken by expropriations for CORETT, 1973-94 211
12.3 Mean compensation paid per hectare for expropriations
in favour of CORETT, 1973-April 1994 213
List ofFigures
Map of Mexico by states x
8.1 PAN vote by state in 1988 Presidential Election 144
8.2 PAN vote by state in 1994 Presidential Election 145
15.1 Oaxaca: major regions and towns 270
15.2 Oaxaca: Municipal Elections -Soultions to disputed results 284
15.3 Oaxaca: Municipal Elections won by opposition parties 286
Acknowledgements
The initial motivation for the conference held at the University ofManchester
arose from a discussion between the editors and the Committee ofthe Society
ofLatin American Studies (SLAS). The Society provided initial pump-prim
ing for the conference, wh ich attracted additional sources of funding from
The British Academy, The British Council (Mexico City), the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office and The Department of Government, University of
Manchester. When the idea of an edited collection took shape, SLAS was
on ce more on hand with moral and financial support. The editors hope that
the confidence placed in them by the Society and others is at least partly
repaid with this book.
The involvement and generous comments from those who participated at
Manchester helped to make the conference enjoyable and proved to be useful
in pulling this volume together. Those in attendance were: Judith Clifton;
Fransisco Flores Rosas; Natividad Gutierrez; Gerardo Mixcoatl Tinoco;
Leticia Fierra Garcia; Susana Rostas; Leticia Ruano; VJ. Vaitheeswaran and
Steve Wiggins. The editors would like to acknowledge the help ofthose who
assisted with the production ofthe final text. Jasmine Gideon helped with the
translation of one chapter and provided assistance with the proof-reading, as
did Vicky Knight, while Russell Gibbon speedily compiled the index. Rob
Aitken is thanked by the "other three" for efficiently producing a desk-top
manuscript as the deadline loomed.
ix
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