Day Nurseries & Childcare in Europe, 1800–1939

361 Pages·2017·2.15 MB·English

by  Dorena Caroli (auth.)

dorena caroli
day nurseries
and childcare
in europe,
1800-1939
Day Nurseries & Childcare in Europe, 1800–1939
Dorena   Caroli
Day Nurseries &
Childcare in Europe,
1800–1939
Dorena   Caroli
University of Macerata
Macerata, Italy
Translated by Caroline Higgitt
ISBN 978-1-137-59226-2 ISBN 978-1-137-59227-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-59227-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016955980
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This book is dedicated to my mother, a lover of children
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is a revised version of P er una storia dell’asilo nido in Europa ,
fi rst published in the series “Storia delle Istituzioni Educative e della
Letteratura per l’Infanzia”, edited by Anna Ascenzi and Dorena Caroli:
Università degli Studi di Macerata (Italy), Milan, Franco Angeli, pp. 380.
I am grateful to Casa Editrice FrancoAngeli, the publishers of the Italian
version of this book, for permission to publish an English translation.
I am indebted to Roberto Sani for his valuable advice on many aspects
of my research for this book, begun in 2011. I am equally indebted to
Anna Ascenzi for encouraging me to explore new areas of the subject. My
grateful thanks go to Edoardo Bressan for his expert guidance in the fi eld
of welfare provision in nineteenth-century Italy.
I wish to thank particularly those many Italian and foreign scholars
who have always taken a kind interest in my research. On 23 June 2015,
the occasion of the 2015 ISCHE conference in Istanbul, I was able to
present some of the results of this work at the Pre-Conference Workshop,
“The concept of the ‘Transnational’: Approaches—Research Areas—
Challenges”, organised by Eugenia Roldán Vera (CINVESTAV, Mexico)
and Eckhardt Fuchs (Georg Eckert Institute, Germany). I am indebted to
fellow participants for much useful advice on day nurseries received during
the discussion of this fi eld of study.
I would like also to thank the staff of the Biblioteca di Storia
Contemporanea “Alfredo Oriani” (Ravenna), the Biblioteca Comunale
“Aurelio Saffi ” (Forlì), the National Libraries of Florence and Rome,
the Biblioteca “Giustino Fortunato” di Studi Meridionali (Rome)
and the Biblioteca Antica “Vincenzo Pinali” (Padua) for their valuable
vii
viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
assistance. My thanks also to the staff of the Bibliothèque nationale de
France (Paris), the British Library and London School of Economics and
Political Science (London) who were equally generous with their help.
Of great assistance too were the staff of the Niedersächsische Staats- und
Universitätsbibliotek Göttingen and the “Konstantin D. Ushchinskii”
State Scientifi c Pedagogical Library (RAO) in Moscow. Last, but not least,
my deepest gratitude goes to the staff at the library of Macerata University
for their patient and essential help.
Finally, my warmest thanks to Caroline Higgitt who not only translated
this book but made many valuable suggestions for the English edition.
C
ONTENTS
Part I T he Origins of C rèches and Modern Childcare in
France and Italy 1
1 The Birth and Spread of C rèches in France between the 
Second Republic and the Second World War 3
2 The Development of C rèches (P resepi ) in Italy between
Restoration and Unifi cation 6 1
3 Development of the P resepi from the Crispi Law to Fascism 9 7
Part II T he Origins and Spread of Day Nurseries in
England, Germany and Russia 187
4 The Spread of Day Nurseries in England 1 89
5 The Development of C rèches in Germany from the 
Prussian Empire to the Nazi Period 225
ix
x CONTENTS
6 The Development of C rèches in Tsarist and Soviet Russia 2 51
Conclusion 295
Bibliography 299
Index 335
G F W
LOSSARY OF OREIGN ORDS
Asili di carità , Asili infantili C haritable nursery schools
Asilo D ay nursery, nursery school
Asilo nido D ay nursery
Casa della madre e del bambino This “house” was a multi-purpose institution
enabling co-ordination between the various
sectors, uniting under one roof the all the
main medical and welfare activities relating
to mothers and minors
Centro di assistenza materna e C entre for mothers and children
infantile
Comitati comunali di patronato Branch of ONMI at c omune level
Comune (pl. c omuni) The smallest civic administrative unit in Italy
Congregazione di carità C haritable foundations, associations carrying
out charitable work
Crèche D ay nursery
Detskii iasel (detskie iasli) D ay nursery
Detskii sad R ussian kindergarten
Deutsche Krippenverband G erman Union of day nurseries
Ente morale Charitable trust
Fasce femminile L eague of Fascist Women
Fasci di combattimento “Fighting bands”, league of combattents
Federazione Branch of ONMI at level of the p rovincia
Frazione S uburb or district of a larger inhabited area
Governatorato M unicipal administration
Iasli Russian day nurseries
Kindergarten Literally “children’s garden”, kindergarten or
kindergartens
xi