Clinical Neuroanatomy 27/E (Lange Medical Book)

384 Pages·2013·40.067 MB·English

by  Stephen G. Waxman

a LANGE medical book
Clinical
Neuroanatom
y
Twenty-SeEvdeinttiho n
StehpenG .W axmanM,D ,P hD
BridgMeatr iFel ahePrrtoyf esosfNo eru roloNgeyu,r obio&l oPghya,r macology
DirectCoer,n tfeorNr e urosci&e Rnecgee neraRteisoena rch
YalUen iverSscihtoyoo flM edicine
NewH avenC,o nnecticut
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NewY orCkh icaSgaoFn r ancMLieisscdboiLo ocnn adlon MadrCiidt y Mexico
MilaNne w DeSlahJniu aSne oul SiSnygdanpTeooyrr eo nto
Copyri©g h2t013b yM cGraw-HEidlulc atiAlolnr. i ghrtess ervEexdc.e patsp ermitutnedde trh eU niteSdt atCeosp yriAgchtto f1 976n,o p arotft hisp ublication
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KeyF eatuorfte hsEi dsi tion!
300f+u ll-coillolru strations
• Large8r% 11t rismi zce omplemetnhten ewf ull-caorlto r
• Discussxio oftn h el ateasdtv anceisn m oleculaanrd c ellulbairo logiynt hec onteoxft
neuroanatomy
•
Coveragoef t heb asisct ructuarnedf unctioofnt heb raisnp,i naclo rda,n dp eriphenrearvle sa s
ell clinailp ree ntatioofnd ie ae p rocee invoiln gp ei fitcr ucture
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ClinicCaolr relatiaonndcs a ses tuditesoh elypo ui nterparnedrt e membee re ntia!
neuroanatocmoinec p tisn t ermo ff unctiaonnd liniacpaplli catni o
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CLINICCOARLR EL..A TIONS CliniCcoarlr elahteiloypno sul earn
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Numeroutsa bletsh amta kei nformadt iaoran n de ay tore member
• A complete practicteo t eexsyatom u krn owledge
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Contents
Prefaxic e
SECT ION I SECT ION II
BASICP RINCIPLES1 INTRODUCTIONT O CLINICAL
THINKING 33
1.F undamentoaflt sh eN ervouSsy stem1
GenerPallao nft hNee rvoSuyss te1m
4. TheR elationBsehtiwp eeNne uroanatomy
PeriphNeerravloS uyss te5m
andN eurolog3y3
PlanaensdT erms 5
SymptoamnsdS igonfsN eurolDoigsieca s3e3s
Referen6c es
Wheriest hlee sio3n6?
2. DevelopmeanntdC ellulCaorn stituents Whaits t hlee sio3n8?
oft heN ervouSsy stem7 CliniIclallu st4r-1at 3i9o n
CelluAlsapre ocftN se urDaelv elopm7e nt CliniIcllauls tr4a-ti23o 9n
Neuron7s TheR oloef NeuroimaangdLi anbgo ratory
NeuronGarlo upianngdCs o nnecti1o1n s Investig3a9t ions
Neurogl1i1a TheT reatmoefPn att iewnittNshe urologic
DegeneraantdRi eogne nera1t5i on Disea40s e
Neurogen1e7s is CliniIclallu st4r-at340i on
Referen1c8e s CliniIcllauls tr4a-ti440o n
CliniIcllauls tr4a-ti54o 1n
3. Signaliinnt gh eN ervouSsy stem1 9 Referen4c1e s
MembraPnoet ent1i9a l
GeneraPtootre nt2i0a ls
ActiPoont ent2i0al s
SECT ION Ill
ThNee rvCee lMle mbraCnoen tains
IoCnh anne2l1s SPINALC ORD AND SPINE 43
TheE ffeocfMt yse linat2i2o n
ConductoifAo cnt iPoont ent2i3a ls 5. TheS pinaClo rd 43
Synapses Developm4e3n t
24
CliniIclallu st3r-at1i on ExterAnnaalt oomfty h Sep inCaolr d4 3
24
SynapTtriacn smis2s6i on Spinal aRnodNo etrsv e46s
ExcitaatnodIr nyh ibiStyonraypA tcitci o2n7s InterDniavli soifot nhSsep inCaolr d48
SynapPtliacs taincdLi otnyTg e-rm Potentiation Pa2t7h wianyW sh itMea tte5r0
PresynIanphtiibci t2i8o n CliniIclallu st5r-at15i 5o n
ThNee uromuscJuulnacrta inodn Reflexe5s6
thEen d-PlPaotteen t2i8a l Lesiionnt shM eo toPra thwa60y s
Neurotransm2i9t ters ExampolfeS sp eciSfipci nCaolr Ddi sord6e3r s
Cas1e 31 Cas2e 64
Referen3c2e s Cas3e 64
Referen6c5e s
vii
viii Contents
6. TheV ertebCroallu mna ndO theSrt ructures CliniIclallu st1ra0t-i11o4 n0
SurroundtihnegS pinaClo rd 67 PhysioolfSo pgeyc ialized Cor1t4i2c al Regions
InvesMteimnbgr an6e7s BasGaaln gli1a4 3
SpinCaolrC di rcula6t8i on InterCnaapls ul1e4 4
TheV erteCborlaulm n6 9 Cas1e 11 47
CliniIcllauls tr6a-ti16o 9n Cas1e2 1 47
CliniIclallu st6r-at27i 1o n Referen1c4e7s
LumbaPru nctu7r1e
11.V entricalnedCs o verinogfts h eB rain1 49
Imagionftg h Sep ianned S pinCaolr d7 3
VentriScyusltaer1m 4 9
Cas4e 73
MeninagnedsS ubmeninSgpeaacle1 s5 0
Cas5e 74
CSF 152
Referen7c7e s
Barriientr hsNe e rvoSuyss te1m5 4
Skul1l5 6
Cas1e3 1 60
sEcT I 0 INV Cas1e4 1 61
Referen1c6e2s
ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN 79
12.V asculSaurp ployft heB rain1 63
7. TheB rain SatnedmC erebellu7m9 ArterSiuaplpol fty h Ber ai1n6 3
Developomfte nhBter aSitne m VenoDursa ina1g6e5
andC ranNiearlv e7s9 CerebrovaDsicsuolradr1e 6r9s
BraSitne Omr ganization 79 CliniIclallu st1r-a2t1i1 o7n5
CranialN uNcelrievntie h Ber aSitne m8 2 Cas1e5 1 77
Medulla8 2 Cas1e6 1 78
Pons8 7 Referen1c8e1s
Midbra8i8n
Vasculari8z9a tion
CliniIclallu st7r-at19i 0o n
SECT ION v
Cerebel9l1u m
CliniIclallu st7r-at29i 2o n FUNCTIONALS YSTEMS 183
ClinIillcauls tr7a-ti39o 2n
CliniIclallu st7r-at49i 6o n 13.C ontrooflM ovement1 83
Cas6e 98 ControofMl o vemen1t8 3
Cas7e 98 MajoMro toSry stem1s8 3
Referen9c8e s MotoDri sturba1n8c9e s
Cas1e7 1 93
8. Cranial Nerves and 9P9a thways Cas1e8 1 94
OrigoifCn r anial FNiebrevr9es9
Referen1c9e4s
FunctiCoonmaplo neonftt hsCe r anNiearlv e9s9
Anatomic Reloaftt ihCoern asnhNiieaprlsv e1s0 2 14.S omatosensSoyrsyt ems1 95
Cas8e 116 Recept1o9r5s
Cas9e 116 Connecti1o9n5s
Referen1c1e8s SensoPrayt hwa1y9s5
CortiAcraela s1 96
9. Diencephal1o1n9
Pain1 96
Thalam1u1s9
Cas1e9 1 99
Hypothala1m2u1s
Cas2e0 2 00
Subthala1m2u6s
Referen2c0e0s
Epithala1m2u7s
CircumventOrrigcaun1ls2a r8 15.T heV isuaSly stem2 01
Cas1e0 1 29 TheE ye2 01
References 129 VisuPaalt hwa2y0s5
TheV isuCaolr te2x0 9
10.C erebrHaelm ispheres/Telence1p3h1a lon CliniIcllauls t1ra5t-i21o1 n0
Developm1e3n1t
Cas2e1 2 14
Anatoomfyt hCee rebHreamli sphe1r3e1s
Referen2c1e4s
MicroscSotpriucco tftu hrCeeo rte1x3 6
Contentixs
16.T heA uditoSryys tem2 15
sEcT I 0 VN I
AnatoamnydF uncti2o1n5
AuditPoartyh wa2y1s5 DIAGNOSTIC AIDS 267
Cas2e2 2 18
Referen2c1e9s 22.I maginogft heB rain 267
SkuXl-lR aFyi lm2s6 7
17.T heV estibuSlyasrt em2 21
Angiogra2p6h7y
Anatom2y2 1
ComputTeodm ograp2h6y8
VestibPualtahrw a2y2s1
MagneRteisco naInmcaeg in2g7 0
Functio2n2s1
MagneRteisco naSnpceec tros2c7o3p y
Cas2e3 2 24
Diffusion-WIemigahgtien2dg7 3
Referen2c2e4s
FunctiMoRnIa 2l7 4
18.T heR eticuFloarrm atio2n2 5 PositErmoins sTioomno grap2h7y5
Anatom2y2 5 SingPlheo tEomni ssCiTo n2 76
Functio2n2s5 Referen2c7e6s
Referen2c2e8s
23.E lectrodiagTneossttsi2 c7 7
19.T heL imbiScy stem2 29 Electroenceph2a7l7o graphy
TheL imbLiocb aen dL imbSiycs te2m2 9 EvokPeodt ent2i7a8ls
OlfacStyosrtye 2m2 9 TranscrMaontioCarol r tiSctailm ula2t8i0o n
HippocaFmopramla ti2o3n0 Electromyog2r8a0p hy
CliniIclallu st1r-a9t1i2 o3n2 NervCeo nductSitound i2e8s3
FunctiaonndDs i sord2e3r6s Referen2c8e4s
SeptAarle a2 36
Cas2e4 2 39 24.C erebrospFilnuailEd x aminatio2n8 5
Indicat2i8o5n s
References 239
Contraindi2c8a5t ions
20.T heA utonomNiecr vouSsy stem2 41 Analyosfti hsCe S F 285
AutonoOmuitcfl ow2 41 Refere2n8c6e
AutonoImnince rvoaftt ihoHene ad2 47
VisceArffaelr ePnatt hwa248y s
HierarcOhrigcaanli zoaftt hiAeou nt onomic sEcT I 0 VN II
NervoSuyss te2m4 9
TransmiStutbesrt an2c5e1s DISCUSSIOONF CASES 287
Cas2e5 2 55
References 255 25.D iscussoifoC na ses2 87
TheL ocatoifLo ens io2n8s7
21.H igheCro rticFauln ction2s5 7 ThNea tuorfeL esio2n8s8
FronLtoablFe u nctio2n5s7 Case2s8 9
LanguaangdeS p eec2h5 7 Referen3c0e3s
CerebDroamli nan2c6e2
Memorayn dL earni2n6g2
Epilep2s6y2 AppendixA :T heN eurologic Exami3na0t5i on
ClinicIalllu st2r1at-i21o6 n4
Cas2e6 2 65 AppendixB :T estinMgu sclFeu nctio3n1 3
Cas2e7 2 66 AppendixC :S pinaNle rveasn dP lexuse3s2 9
Referen2c6e6s
AppendixD :Q uestioannsdA nswers3 47
Inde3x 55