Children and War: A Historical Anthology

333 Pages·2002·1.4 MB·English

by  James Marten

Children and War

Children and War
A Historical Anthology
edited by
James Marten
Foreword by Robert Coles
a
New York University Press
new york and london
new york university press
New York and London
© 2002 by New York University
All rights reserved
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Children and war :a historical anthology / edited by James Marten.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8147-5666-2 (cloth :alk.paper)
ISBN 0-8147-5667-0 (paper :alk.paper)
1.Children and war. I.Marten,James Alan.
HQ784.W3 C53 2002
303.6'6'083––dc21 2002004989
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,
and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.
Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the children,and to the fathers and mothers,brothers and sisters,
aunts and uncles,who died in New York,Washington,and Pennsylvania
on September 11,2001.
And to Lauren and Eli Marten,
that they may never become children ofwar.

Contents
Foreword xi
RobertColes
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1
James Marten
Memory and Meaning 11
1 Childhood,Memory,and the American Revolution 15
Elizabeth McKee Williams
2 “After the War I Am Going to Put Myselfa Sailor”:
Geography,Writing,and Race in the Letters ofFree
Children ofColor in Civil War New Orleans 26
Molly Mitchell
3 Flowers ofEvil:Mass Media,Child Psychology,and the
Struggle for Russia’s Future during the First World War 38
Aaron J.Cohen
4 Imagining Anzac:Children’s Memories ofthe Killing
Fields ofthe Great War 50
Bruce C.Scates
5 Rescue and Trauma:Jewish Children and the
Kindertransports during the Holocaust 63
Eric J.Sterling
6 Mama,Are We Going to Die? America’s Children
Confront the Cuban Missile Crisis 75
Chris O’Brien
vii
viii Contents
7 Bereavement in a War Zone:Liberia in the 1990s 87
Cynthia B.Eriksson and Elizabeth A.Rupp
Lessons and Literature 99
8 Representations ofWar and Martial Heroes in English
Elementary School Reading and Rituals,1885–1914 103
Stephen Heathorn
9 The Child in the Flying Machine:Childhood and
Aviation in the First World War 116
Guillaume de Syon
10 World Friendship:Children,Parents,and Peace
Education in America between the Wars 135
Diana Selig
11 Ghosts and the Machine:Teaching Emiliano Zapata
and the Mexican Revolution since 1921 147
Stephen E.Lewis
12 Japanese Children and the Culture ofDeath,
January–August 1945 160
Owen Griffiths
13 The Antifascist Narrative:Memory Lessons in the
Schools ofthe Soviet Occupation Zone,1945–1949 172
Benita Blessing
14 Humanitarian Sympathy for Children in Times of
War and the History ofChildren’s Rights,1919–1959 184
Dominique Marshall
Actors and Victims 201
15 “These Unfortunate Children”:Sons and Daughters
ofthe Regiment in Revolutionary and Napoleonic France 205
Thomas Cardoza
16 Children and the New Zealand Wars:An Exploration 216
Jeanine Marie Graham
Contents ix
17 Stolen Generations and Vanishing Indians:The Removal
ofIndigenous Children as a Weapon ofWar in the
United States and Australia,1870–1940 227
Victoria Haskins and Margaret D.Jacobs
18 “Baptized in Blood”:Children in the Time ofthe Sandino
Rebellion,Nicaragua,1927–1934 242
Michael J.Schroeder
19 “Too Young for a Uniform”:Children’s War Work on
the Iowa Farm Front,1941–1945 254
Lisa L.Ossian
20 Against Their Will:The Use and Abuse ofBritish
Children during the Second World War 266
Penny Elaine Starns and Martin L.Parsons
21 Innocent Victims and Heroic Defenders:Children
and the Siege ofLeningrad 279
Lisa A.Kirschenbaum
Epilogue 291
James Marten
Bibliography 295
Contributors 303
Index 309