Table Of Contenta
—
ffistorianatiirallsbulgarica,6, 1996: 17 23
Cave Opilionida in Bulgaria
Petar BERON and Plamen MITOV
OrderOpilionidaisrepresentedinBulgariaby45species(Starega, 1976;MlTOV,
1994, 1995; Beron, 1994) including22 foundin caves. Four ofthem are considered
troglobites:Paranemastoma bureschi,Paralolaburesi, Sirobeschkovi andTranteeva
paradoxa). They all hve in caves ofWestern Stara Planina and the western part of
Central StaraPlanina.Paralola andTranteeva are endemicBulgarian genera.
ThemostwidespreadspeciesofOpilionidainBulgariancavesisParanemastoma
radewi (Roewer),knownfrom 114cavesinStaraplanina, Rhodopes andthe Struma
valley area. This troglophile species is known also fromYugosla\da (Hadzi, 1973)
andwillbe certainlyfound alsoinMacedoniaandNorthernGreece.
The remaining 17 species are trogloxenes. OnlyLeiobunum rumelicum Silhavy
occurs more regularlyin the entrancepart ofcaves (24), all other species are occa-
—
sional\dsitors,foundin 1 10 caves.
FromthevastterritoryofformerYugoslavia,withifsextensiveKarst,Hadzi(1973)
hsts 164 species inthe Order OpiUonida, 16 ofthem considered "eucaval" (5 Cypho-
phthalmi, 8Laniatores, 2 Dyspnoi and 1Eupnoi). Thesefigureshavebeen amended
by MUCALICA (1988). Accordingto this author, the number ofspecies sh—ouldbe re-
ducedto 126. Karaalan(1990, 1992)adds2newspecies, MiTOV(1995b) 1 andthe
totalnumberofex-Yugoslav OpiUonesisnow about 129.
TheSuborderLaniatoreswasrepresentedinBulgariaimtilnowonlybyParaZoZa
buresi. Thefirst Laniatores outside caveswas foundbyP. Beronin Belasitsa Mt. (
species ofAusobskya, fam. Phalangodidae), and will be described byhim. Another,
stillundescribedAwso6sM'a species,wasfoundbyP.BeroninacaveofSalaminIsland,
Greece.ThisisoneoftheveryfewspeciesofOpihonidainhabitingGreekcaves.Inthe
caves ofGreecethis group is almostmissing(obser\'ations ofP. Beronfromthe\isit
ofmorethanhundred cavesincontinental Greeceandtheislands).
Quiteremarkable is the complete absence (sofar) oftroglobite Opihonidainthe
caves ofSouthBulgaria.
SuborderCyphophthalmi
Fam. Sironidae
— —
Siroduricorius (Joseph, 1868—) Toplya(Lv28). JUBERTHffi (1991).
Siro beschkovi Mitov, 1994 verynumerous in the cave Haydushkata Dupka
— —
(Pn2) MiTOV(1994). Troglobite, endemicforBulgaria.
17
— —
Tranteeva parado—xa Kratochvil, 1958 Rushovata—Peshtera (Lv 20). —
ICratochvil (1958a); Toplja (Lv 28), Jalovica (Lv 29). JUBERTHIE (1991).
Troglobite, endemicforBulgaria.
SuborderLaniatores
Fam. Phalangodidae
— —
ParalolaburesiKratochvil, 1951 TemnataDupka(Sf30). KRATOCHVIL(195—1,
1958a); Zidankata (Sf29), SvinskataDupka(Sf33),—KozarskataPeshtera (Sf34)
Beron and GUEORGUIEV (1967), Starega (1976). Troglobite, endemic for these
caves, situatednearLakatnikrailwaystation.
SuborderPalpatores
Fam.Trogulidae
—
Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758) trogloxene, known from 2 Bulgarian
(caves(BeronandGueorguiev1967; Starega, 1976). Newlocality: LisitshaDupka
6),1Q, 19.XI.1994,V. Gueorguievleg.
Fam. Dicranolasmatidae
—
Dicranolasma scabrum (Herbst, 1799) Propoda (Pk), near Kahshta, 1 Cf,
—
12.XII.1994, P. Stoevleg. trogloxene,firstrecordincave.
Fam. Nemastomatidae
Pyzabosnica(Roewer, 1919){=NemastomabosnicumorientateKratochvil, 1958).
—
trogloxene, known from 3 Bulgarian caves (Beron and GUEORGUIEV, 1967;
Starega, 1976). —
Histricostomadrenskii Kratochvil, 1958 trogloxene,knownfrom 1caveinthe
Rhodopes (KRATOCHVIL, 1958b).
Paranemastoma (P.) radewi (Roewer, 1926) (=Nemastoma radewi Roewer =N.
(Dromedostoma)paspalevi Krat. =N.—(D.) atanasovi Krat. =A^. (D.) atanasovi bal-
canica Krat. =^. {D.)markovi Krat.) themostwidespreadharvestmen speciesin
Bulgarian caves, known sofarfrom 71 cavelocalities (ROEWER, 1926; KRATOCHVIL,
1958b; Beron andGueorguiev, 1967; Starega, 1976).
New localities (caves): Dinevata Pesht (Sf3), 1 Cf, 1 Q, 10.V.1992, B. Dimitrova
leg.;Truvninata(Sf21)nearDobravica, 3CfCf, 1Q, 1juv., 25.1.1976, P. Beron andV.
Beshkovleg.;Peshtereto(Sf27)nearLakatnik, 1juv., 19.IV.1992,D.Kozhuharovleg.;
TemnataDupka(Sf30)nearLakatnik, 1juv., 16.X.1988,P.Mitovleg.;Kalugerica(Sf
83)nearBaylovo, 1Cf, 1973,P. Beronleg.;VihrenskataPropast(Bl6),ca. 2650m,Pi-
rin, 2 CfCf, 29.Vin.1972, P. Beron leg.; Sedlarkata (Pn 4) near Rakita, 4 QQ, 2juv.,
18
10.IX.1968, P. Beronleg.; GininataPeshtera(Pn 5)nearSadovec, 2juv., 8.XII.1988,
R.Todorovleg.;Troana(Tn),v.Emen,2CfCf,30.IV.1995,T.Ivanovaleg.;KalnataDup-
ka(Tn),V. Arbanasi, 1Cf, 1.III.1970, N. Vihodtsevskileg.; Musinskata Peshtera(Tn
12)nearMusina,2CfCf,2QQ,26.XII.1992,P. StoevandD.Aleksandrovaleg.;Bamba-
lovaPeshtera(Tn 14)nearEmen, 1Q, 24.XI.1990,T. Ivanovleg.;Lucifer(SI31)near
Kotel, 1Q, 2.X.1993, D. Kozhuharovleg.; Peshterata(Gb 10)nearSokolskiyaMana-
stir, Gabrovo, 3 CfCf, 2 QQ, 6.VII.1984, P. Beron leg.; Novata Peshtera (Pz 4), 1 Q,
1 juv., 27.VI.1986, P. Beron leg.; Gargina Dupka (Pv 7) near Mostovo, 3 QQ,
14.III.1992, D. Dimitrovleg.;Imamkaya(Sm), summitTsherven,W. Rhodopi,34Cf,Cf,
1Q,26.IX.1994, B. Petrovleg.; ModurskaPeshtera(Sm),Rhodopi, ca. 1600m,
.
26.IX.1994, Petrovleg.;BoevskataPeshtera(Sm 16)nearBoevo, 1juv.,29.V.1964,
D. Raitshevleg.;TriteDupki(Sm36), 1Cf, 1Q, 2.VIII.1982, D. Raitshevleg.; Propast
8 (Vr 50)nearZverino, 1Q, 5.V.1968, "Edelweiss" Clubleg.; Pantshovi Gramadi (Vr
76)n—earZverino, 100 m deep, 1Q, 4.II.1962, Z. Ilievleg.; Jamata(Lv), v. Tshaushov
Dol V.Neshkovci,2QQ,2juv.,28.VII.1970,H.Deltshevleg.;MetshataDupka(Lv),
V.Lesidren, 1Cf, 1Q,3juv.,5.X.1994,R.Pandourskaleg.;BalduinovataPeshtera(Lv),
V. Lesidren, 2CfCf, 2QQ, 2juv., 5.X.1994, R. Pandourskaleg.;Vodopada(Lv 54)near
Krushuna, 1juv., 19.VIL1972, P. Beron leg.; Gurlyova Dupka (Lv 57), 1 Q, 3juv.,
14.V[n.l994, P. Stoevleg.; Skravenika(Lv 58), 2CfCf, 2 QQ, 2juv., 18.Vin.l968, H.
Deltshevleg.; GolyamataYama(Lv59)nearTeteven,3CfCT, 7QQ, 1juv., 24.XI.1968,
P. Beronleg.; MalkataYama(Lv64)nearTeteven, 1Q, 2juv., 24.XI.1968, P. Beron
leg.;Shopa(Lv67)nearKarlukovo, 1Q,2juv.,24.Vin.1966,H.Deltshevleg.;Gradezh-
nica (Lv 73)nearDivtshovoto, 3 QQ, 27.XI.1968, P. Beronleg.; Opushenata (Lv 86),
V. Neshkovci, 1Cf, 2QQ, 3juv., 30.VII.1970, H. Deltshevleg.; KiselashkataPeshtera
(Lv 87) nearTshemi Vit, 1 Cf, 1juv., 10.IX.1988, B. Garev leg.; Lyastovica (Lv 88),
1Cf,3.III.1989,E.Nanevaleg.,2QQ,5.X.1989,1.Pandourskileg.;TyasnataPeshtera
(Lv89)nearMikre, 1Q,26.IV.1991,B. Petrovleg.;BorovaDupka(Lv90)nearNesh-
kovci, 2 CfCf, 1 Q, 13.XIL1969, P. Beron leg.; Dantshova Dupka (Lv 91) nearUglen,
1Q, 1juv., 17.Vin.l974, P. Beronleg.; Bezimenna(Lv93)nearLovetsh(Polenica), 3
juv.,23.VIL1982,P.Beronleg.;Planinec(Lv94)nearGlozhene, 1Cf,5QQ,27.IV.1992,
D. Kozhuharovleg.;VodniteDupki(Lv95)nearVidima, 2QQ, 24.VIL1982,P. Beron
leg.;PetrovaMandra(Lv96)nearVidima, 1Q, 1juv.,25.VIL1982,P.Beronleg.;Vul-
tshiteDupki(Lv97)nearVidima, 1Q,23.VII.1982,P. Beronleg.—;TurskataTsherkva
(Lv99),V. GorskoSlivovo, 1Cf,2juv.,21.VII.1982,P.Beronleg. TroglophQe,wide-
spread inWest Bulgaria and in Stara Planina, eastward to Kotel. Notknown from
Strandzha, eastern part ofRhodopes and Dobrudzha. Females with eggs have been
found alltheyear.
Paranemastoma (P.)aurigerumaurigerum(Roewer, 1951). Newlocalities: Tsho-
—
veshkata Peshtera (Sm 6) near Orehovo, 3juv., 14 15.IX.1992, P. Stoev et al. leg.;
ImamovaDupka (Sm 13)nearJagodina, 1 Q, 1.III.1985, D. Draganovaleg. Gargina
Dupka(Pv 7)nearMostovo, 2CfCf, 2QQ, 14.03.1992, D. Dimitrovleg.; IvanovaVoda
(Pv 14), 2 CfCf, 28.VIII.1970, —H. Deltshev leg.; Ahmetyova Dupka (Pv 16), 1 Cf,
28.VIII.1970, H. Deltshevleg. Trogloxene, knownfrom 10 caves inthe Rhodopes
(Starega, 1976 andpresentpaper).
—
Paranemastoma{Buresiolla)bureschi(Roewer, 1926) knownsofarfrom27Bul-
gariancaves (Roewer, 1926; Atanasovand Stefanov, 1951; Kratochvil, 1958 b;
19
BeronandGUEORGUIEV, 1967;Starega, 1976;Beron,1978).Newlocalities:Radolo-
vaYama(Sf2)nearGinci,3QQ,with3—5eggs,3juv.,27.IX.1970,P.Beronleg.; Bezi-
mennataPeshtera(Vr),nearsummitKrustanovaMogila,ca. 1300m, 1Cf,21.V.1994,
B. Petrovleg.; Malkata Metsha Dupka (Vr 27), 1 Cf, 4 QQ, 24.X.1968, P. Beron leg.;
LedenishkaYama(Vr35)nearLedenika,Vraca, 1Cf,20.XI.1988,R.Pandourskaleg.;
Belyar(Vr53), 1Cf,07.XI.1970,V.Beshk—ovleg.;HaydushkaDupka(Vr83)nearBist-
rec, 1CT, 1juv.,26.rV.1970,P.Beronleg. Troglobite,commo—ninthecavesofWestern
StaraPlanina(BalkainRange).Thelocality"SaevaDupka Lv 18"seemsdoubtful.
The material, mentioned byAtanasov and Stefanov(1951), does belongtoBure-
siolla bureschi (see Starega, 1976), but it couldbe mislabelled. As this species has
beenfoundbyusinthecaveShamak(Sf81)attheborderbetweenBulgariaandSerbia
(Beron, 1978),itlivesmostprobablyalsoinEastSerbia.MUCALICA(1988)hstsPara-
nemastoma (Buresiolla)bureschi amongtheYugoslavharvestmen.
—
Mitostomagracile(Redikorzev, 1936) trogloxene,knownfrom 1Bulgariancave
(Starega, 1976). New locality: Stoyanovata Peshtera (Bs 9) near Kosti, 2CfCT, 1 Q,
witheggs, 2juv., 19.VI.1980, P. Beron andS. Andreevleg.
Fam. Phalangiidae
—
Leiobunum rumelicum Silhavy, 1965 known so farfrom 16 Bulgarian caves
—
(Starega, 1976 thisauthorthinksthat"esistwohlals"trogloxeneregulier"zube-
trachten"). New cave localities: Vodnata Peshtera (Pz 10) near Peshtera (Kupena),
1Cf, 30.XII.1991, B. Petrovleg.; HaydushkataDupka(Pv 15)nearDobrostan, 1juv.,
5.VII.1962,H. Deltshevleg.;JulenEre(Pv 17)nearHristoDanovo, 1juv., 16.V.1968,
P. Beronleg.;BorowskataVodnaPeshtera(Pv22)nearMostovo, 1juv., 1.III.1992,P.
Stoevleg.; Dupkata (Sm 3)nearProgled, 2juv., 16.X.1970, D. Dancauleg.; Rizovica
(Sm 23) near Mogilica, 1 CT, 9juv., 3.VIII.1969, H. Deltshev leg.; Karnata Peshtera
(Sm37)nearJagodina, 1Cf,20.XI.1982,P.Beronleg—.;ModurskaPeshtera(Sm),Rho-
dopi, ca. 1600 m, 1juv., 26.IX.1994, B. Petrov leg. Regulartrogloxene. Out ofthe
24cavelocalities15aresituatedintheRhodopes,8inStaraPlaninaand1inOsogovo.
Lacinius horridus (Panzer, 1794) (=L. gallipoliensis Roewer, 1923 =L. dentiger
— —
sensuBeronandGueorguiev, 1967 det.incor.byW.Starega) trogloxene,known
fromBulgariancaves(ROEWER, 1926;BeronandGUEORGUIEV, 1967;STAREGA, 1976).
—
PhalangiumopilioLuuiaeus, 1758 trogloxene,knownfrom 3Bulgariancaves
(Roewer, 1926; Starega, 1976). —
Zacheus crista (Brulle, 1832) so farknown from 3 Bulgarian caves (ROEWER,
1926;Starega,1976).Newlocalities:ZhivataVoda(Pk2)nearBosnek,ICf,22.VI.1969,
P.Beronleg.;RazklonenataPeshtera(Kr7)nearOreshari, 1juv.,3.IV.1992,B.Petrov
leg.;—PeshteratapriKodzhaKad(Kr8)nearByalopolyane, 1juv.,6.IV.1992,B.Petrov
leg. Trogloxene. —
Rafalskia olympica (Kulczyiiski, 1903) trogloxeneknown from 1 cave inthe
Rhodopes (STAREGA, 1976).
—
OpiliosaxatilisC.L.Koch, 1839 trogloxeneknownfrom1caveinStaraPlanina
(Starega, 1976). —
Opilioruzickai Silhavy, 1938 trogloxeneknownfrom2 cavesinStaraPlanina
(BeronandGueorguiev, 1967; Starega, 1976).
20
.
—
Egaenusconvexus (. L. Koch, 1835) trogloxene knownfrom 2 cavesin Stara
Planina(SiLHAVX1965;Starega, 1976).Newlocalities:Jalovitsa(Lv29)nearGolya-
maZhelyazna, 2QQ, 12.VI.1993, B. Ge—orgievleg.
Nelimap—ontica Charitonov, 1941 Ezeroto Cave (Bs 5) near Mladezhko, 1 O',
21.VI.1980. Trogloxene (ortroglophile), firstrecordin cave. The specieshasbeen
pubHshedrecentlyforBulgariabyMiTOV—(1995 a).
Amilenusaurantiacus(Simon, 1881) Trogloxene,knownfi-om1Bulgariancave
(Starega, 1976).
We aregratefultomanycaversandcolleagues Biospeleologistsforthematerial,
entrusted to us for study. This material is preserved in the Arachnid Collection of
National Museum ofNatural Historyin Sofia(identifiedbyP. Mitov). Untilthe end
of1994Opilionidsareknownfi-om 153Bulgariancaves.Theabbreviationusedinthis
paper appearinthe catalogues ofBulgarian cave fauna (GUEORGUIEV and Beron,
1962; Beron andGueorguiev, 1967; Beron, 1972, 1994). Thenamesofthe olddis-
trictshave beenused: Blagoevgrad (Bl), Burgas (Bs), Gabrovo (Gb), Kurdzhali (Kr),
Kyustendil(),Lovetsh(Lv),Pazardzhik(Pz),Pemik(Pk),Pleven(Pn),Plovdiv(Pv),
Sofia(Sf), Sliven(SI), Smolyan(Sm),VelikoTumovo (Tn),Vraca(Vr).
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Receivedon18.1.1995
Authors'saddresses:
DrPetarBeron
NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory
1,TsarOsvoboditelBlvd
Sofia 1000,Bulgaria
PlamenMitov
DepartmentofZoologyandAnthropology
FacultyofBiology,UniversityofSofia
8,DraganTsankovBlvd
Sofia 1421,Bulgaria
22
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.
-
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. 4 ,{Siro beschkovi M-itov,
-
TranteevaparadoxaYsaXochviX,Paralola.bwresiKratochviluParanemastomabureschi
. ,
Roewer) 6 u u —
. .
Paralolau Tranteeva Siro beschkovi
,
Paranemastomaradevfi(Roewer). 114 153
17 -Leiobu-
rumelicumSilhavy, 24 16
.—
1 10 u
u mpume Opilionida:
Cyphophthalmi,LaniatoresuPalpatores. mpume
23
