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Apuleius and Drama
The Ass on Stage
REGINE MAY
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Acknowledgements
This book is a revised and extended version of my Oxford DPhil thesis
A Comic Novel? Roman and New Comedy in Apuleius’ Metamorphoses, sub-
mitted in Hilary Term 2002. Completing this book would havebeen impos-
siblewithoutthehelpofmanyinstitutionsandindividuals,andIwouldlike
totakeupthisopportunity tothankthem:
I am especially grateful to my supervisors and advisor, Stephen Harrison,
PeterBrown,andEwenBowie,fortheirenduringpatience,thoughtfuladvice,
andkindguidance;theysavedmefrommanyerrorsandoVeredmanyhelpful
suggestions, a gratitude I would also like to extend to my thesis examiners
Stephen Heyworth and Costas Panayotakis. Nicholas Horsfall kindly com-
mentedonalatedraftatproofstage.Needlesstosay,allremainingerrorsin
thisbookareduetomystubbornness.
There are many individuals to thank in Trier, Oxford, Manchester and
DurhamforvariouskindsofhelpoVered:JaneBarton,MariaBartussek,Leif
Bergson,TonyBrett,FrankBubel,CatherineConybeare,SusanDeacy,Marcus
Deufert, Denis Feeney, Stavros Frangoulidis, Therese Fuhrer, Nick Gonis,
Steve Green, Edith Hall, Bernhard HerzhoV, Petra Hofmann, Vincent
Hunink,MariaKouroumali,Hans-OttoKro¨ner,TamarLandau,DavidLang-
slow, Jane Lightfoot, Christine Luz, Manfred Lossau, Myrto Malouta, Ruth
Morello, Eva Maria Phieler, Norbert Platz, Christine Rauer, Peter Rhodes,
Clemence Schultze,Johannes Schwind, Alison Sharrock, Peter Sherlock, Ju¨r-
gen Strauß, Janet Sullivan, Stephen Todd, P. G. Walsh, Ralph Wedgwood,
Mary Whitby, Andrew Wilson, Michael Winterbottom, Georg Wo¨hrle, Tony
Woodman, Maaike Zimmerman-de Graaf, Barbara Zocchi, and especially
GurbirSingh.
I have also proWted greatly from my years of teaching at Manchester,
Oxford, and Durham and discussing Apuleius and comedy with my col-
leaguesandstudents.
I would also like to thank the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes, the
BritishAcademy(AHRB),CorpusChristiCollege,Oxford,andJesusCollege,
Oxford (exchange scholarship 1994/95) for the grants which enabled me to
complete my undergraduate and graduate studies, and the librarians at the
Universita¨tsbibliothek Trier, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, the Bodleian
Library, the Ashmolean Museum (and the Sackler), the John Rylands Uni-
versityLibraryManchester,JohnRylandsDeansgate,andDurhamUniversity
Library for theirgeneroushelp.
viii Acknowledgements
My greatest debt however is to my parents, to whom I would like to
dedicate this book, and to mygrandparents, whowould have liked to see it,
foralltheirsupportandlove.
R.M.
August2005
Contents
ANoteonTextsandTranslations xiii
Abbreviations xv
1. Introduction 1
1.1. ApuleiusandDrama:ThePurposeofThisBook 1
1.2. ScholarshipandMethodology 4
1.3. Comedy,Mime,andtheNovel 10
2. KnowledgeofDramaandArchaismintheSecondCentury 16
2.1. Introduction 16
2.2. TragedyandComedy inGreece 19
2.3. WatchingPlaysintheRomanWorld 21
2.4. TheatricalArchaeology inNorthAfrica 22
2.5. EducationthroughStudyingDrama:TheSophist’sCase 25
2.6. Second-CenturyArchaismandApuleius 27
2.7. Conclusion 43
3. DramaPhilosophy,andRhetoric:Apuleius’MinorWorks 45
3.1. Introduction 45
3.2. QuotationsfromDramainApuleius’DeDeoSocratis 45
3.3. DeMundoandDePlatoneeteiusDogmate 53
3.4. DramaintheFlorida 55
3.5. AnApuleian‘Translation’fromGreekComedy:Anechomenos 63
3.6. Conclusion 71
4. CourtroomDrama:Apuleius’Apologia 73
4.1. Introduction 73
4.2. Exordium(‘Introduction’)1–3 80
4.3. RefutationofSubsidiary,Non-magicalCharges4–24 81
4.4. Refutationof‘Minor’MagicalCharges25.5–65 87
4.5. Refutationof‘Major’ChargesconcerningPudentilla’s
Marriage66–101 99
4.6. Conclusion 106
5. TheTextureoftheMetamorphoses 109
5.1. Introduction 109
5.2. ThePrologue 110
Description:Regine May discusses the use of drama as an intertext in the work of the 2nd century Latin author Apuleius, who wrote the only complete extant Latin novel, the Metamorphoses, in which a young man is turned into a donkey by magic. Apuleius uses drama, especially comedy, as a basic underlying texture,
