Table Of ContentPROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
97(4), 1995, pp. 839-844
A NEW GENUS AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF CHEWING LICE
(PHTHIRAPTERA: PHILOPTERIDAE) FROM PERUVIAN OVENBIRDS
(PASSERIFORMES: FURNARIIDAE)
Roger D. Price and Dale H. Clayton
(RDP) Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
74078 (Current address) 4622 Kinkead Avenue, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72903; (DHC)
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OXl 3PS,
England.
—
Abstract. The new genus Funiariphilus is described to include three new species
from Peruvian hosts within the passerine family Furnariidae, subfamily Furnariinae: F.
pagei, the type species ofthe genus, from Furnariiis leucopus Swainson; F. griffithsi from
Sclerurus mexicanus Sclater; and F. parkeri from Sclerurus caudacutus (Vieillot).
Key Words: Ectoparasites, Peru, Furnariphilus, Furnariinae, Bird
Clayton et al. (1992) published a survey first time they are used. Host classification
of chewing lice collected in 1985 from a follows that of Sibley and Monroe (1990).
wide array of Peruvian bird taxa. During Holotypes of the new species will be de-
this project, a number of undescribed louse posited in The Field Museum (Chicago)
taxa were collected from hosts in the parv- and paratypes, as numbers allow, will be
orders Thamnophilida and Furnariida (Pas- located in the collections of that museum
seriformes). These taxa included a new spe- and those of the National Museum of Nat-
cies placed by Price and Clayton (1989) in ural History (Washington, D.C.), Oklahoma
a new genus of Menoponidae, Kaysius, and State University (Stillwater), and the Uni-
seven new species described by Price and versity of Minnesota (St. Paul).
Clayton (1993, 1994) in the existing phil-
opterid genus Rallicola Johnston and Har- Furnariphilus Price and Clayton,
rison. We have recently examined addition- New Genus
al philopterid lice collected during the Pe- Figs. 1-10
ruvian project from members of the Tham- Type species: Furnariphilus pagei Price
nophilida and Furnariida. Lice from three and Clayton, new species.
species of ovenbirds (Furnariidae: Furnari- Head (Figs. 1, 5) distinctly longer than
inae) represent new species which are also wide, with preantennal region tapered to
members ofan undescribed genus. The pur- truncate hyaline margin; conus small; with
pose of this paper is to name and charac- single very short ocular seta; dorsoanterior
terize the new genus and to describe and head plate prominent, distinctly separated
illustrate the three new species that com- from remainder of head; male antenna with
prise it. enlarged scape.
In the following descriptions, all mea- Prothorax (Figs. 1, 5) quadrangular, with
surements are in millimeters. Abbreviations single seta near each lateroposterior corner.
for measured structures are explained the Metathorax posteriorly broadened, each
S40 PROcr.nniNcis oi Tin; iintomoi.ex;km. sociI'Ty op Washington
Figs. 1-5. I''uni(uipliiliis i>iii^ci. I, M;ilc. 2, Female ventral tenninalia. 3, Male genitalia. 4, Male tern
segment. .5, lemaie
side witli tow 1)1 HK'cliimi lo vcty long iiuir- cliaii sct;ic. III VIII each wilh 2, IX withoiil
giiial setae; piotiiiiietit laige loutulecl sletiial inecliaii setae. Only teiga V IX with lateial
plate with 4 setae. eoitiei setae. Without pleural seta on II,
Abdonien (H'igs. I, ."S, 6, 10) sletulei, with wilh single short seta on III, medium seta
distitiet [Xiitial tnedian divisioti ol teiga on IV, long seta on V, and pair of long to
llditst a|i|Ktietil leigutn) VII Tot female, II- very long setae on eaeh of VI VIII. Stertia
IV lot tnale. Male lerga V VIII mueh II VI prominent, undivided, eaeh of II-V
shorter than terga II IV. Tetga II with 4 me- with tiiedioposlerior pair of setae, VI wilh
VOLUMli 97. NUMBliR 4 841
\"\^s. <i-l(). iiiiiKiriphiliis i^rijlilhsi. (>, IVI;ilc incdinoliiin ;iiul ahclomcii. 7, I'crnalc vcnliiil IcirniiKilia. X, Male
genitalia. 9, Male lenniiial segment. 10, Peinalc niclanoliiin and alxloinen.
2 or 4 posterior setae. Subgenital plate of ognized by the combination of head shape,
female posteriorly with regular to irregular the sexually dimorphic antenna, the large
row of short, stout spinilbrm setae along thoracic sternal plate, the anterior abdomi-
with finer setae posterior to them (l^'igs. 2, nal terga partially divided medially, the me-
7). Both sexes with prominent tergum IX dian indentation of the terminal abdominal
followed by smaller sclerites assoeiated segment, the male with a small accessory
with distinetly indented posterior margin; piece on each side of the last segment, the
male with small accessory sclerile on each unique male genitalia with the short broad
side of last tergal portion (Figs. 4, 9). parameres and complex mesomeral struc-
Male genitalia (Figs. 3, 8) distinctive, tures, and the female lacking any evidence
with very short, stout widely-separated par- of a piominent seta-bearing tubercle later-
ameres each bearing median scnsillum and oposlerior to the subgenital plate.
terminal minute seta, complex mesomeral Of the philopterid lice associated with
structures, and broad relatively short basal birds of these two host parvorders (Table
apodeme. — I ), R(illi(old. Ihc most widely distributed
L^iscussion. This genus is easily rec- genus with 30 species currently recognized.
—
))
842 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Table L Classificationofthe parvordersThamnophilida and Furnariida with theirassociated philopterid lice.
Hosl Lice(No.ofSpecies)
Parvorder Thamnophilida
Family Thamnophilidae (typical antbirds) Formicaphagus (12)
Rallicola (1
Parvorder Furnariida
Superfamily Furnarioidea
Family Furnariidae
Subfamily Fumariinae (ovenbirds) Rallicola (12)
Furnariphilus (3)
Pickola (3)
Brueelia (2)
Subfamily Dendrocolaptinae (woodcreepers) Rallicola (16)
Superfamily Formicarioidea
Family Formicariidae (ground antbirds) Formicaphagus (3)
Formicaricola (8)
Family Conopophagidae (gnateaters) Formicaphagus sp.
Family Rhinocryptidae (tapaculos) Rallicola (1
shows certain affinities with the new genus ing tubercles posterior to the female sub-
described here. However, Rallicola females genital plate. However, they differ from
are characterized by the prominent seta- Furnariphilus in having both sexes with a
bearing tubercle posterior to each side of distinct complete median division of ab-
the subgenital plate, the males have geni- dominal terga II-VIII and without dimor-
talia with long slender parameres and rela- phic antennae; the males with genitalia of a
tively simple mesomeral structures, and grossly different type having ovoid para-
both sexes lack the marked medial inden- meres, and with a rounded posterior abdo-
tation of the terminal abdominal portion. men; and the females lacking a delineated
Additional lesser differences further sup- terminal portion posterior to IX. The 15
port the distinction between these two gen- recognized species ofFormicaphagus are in
era. The only other known philopterids both parvorders, with two additional unna-
from hosts within the superfamily Furna- med series in our collection from the Con-
rioidea are three species of Picicola Clay opophagidae (Table 1 ); these lice differ
and Meinertzhagen and two species of from Furnariphilus in having characteristic
Brueelia Keler (Table 1), all of which are male genitalia similar to those of Formi-
quite different from Furnariphilus in gross caricola and both sexes with a distinctly
head shape, genitalic features ofboth sexes, broader head and abdomen, in addition to
and other differences associated with struc- other differences.
ture and chaetotaxy.
Two other philopterid genera, Formicar- Furnariphilus pagei Price and Clayton,
New Species
icola Carriker and Formicaphagus Carriker,
are found on hosts within the superfamily Figs. 1-5
Formicarioidea and the parvorder Tham- Type host. Furnarius leucopus Swain-
nophilida (Table 1). The former currently son. —
has eight recognized species and is restrict- Male. As in Fig. 1. Preantennal head
ed to hosts in the family Formicariidae, width (PAW), 0.30-0.33; temple width
with seven known only from the genus For- (TW), 0.38-0.39; head length (HL), 0.48-
micarius. These lice are also of the Ralli- 0.50. Prothorax width (PW), 0.26-0.28.
cola-type, but lack the prominent seta-bear- Metanotum with 6-8 (usually 7) medium to
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VOLUME 97, NUMBER 4 843
long setae posteriorly on each side; meta- contributions to the study of host-parasite
thorax width (MW), 0.36-0.38. Abdominal cospeciation.
terga with medium setae medially; sternal
setae shorter, with 4 on sternum VI. Ab- Furnariphilus griffithsi Price and
domen width at V (AWV), 0.42-0.45. La- Clayton, New Species
teroposterior corner of IX with 2 medium Figs. 6-10
to very long setae on each side. Terminal Type h—ost. Sclerurusmexicanus Sclater.
portion with proportionately large accesso- Male. Head and thorax much as for F.
ry piece on each side (Fig. 4). Genitalia pagei (Fig. 1). PAW, 0.33; TW, 0.40-0.41;
(Fig. 3) with slightly curved parameres and HL, 0.52-0.54. PW, 0.27-0.29; metanotum
complex of mesomeral structures as shown; medially with short pair of setae (Fig. 6)
genitalia width (GW), 0.10-0.11; genitalia and with 7-8 (usually 8) medium to very
length (GL), 0.23-0.25; genitalic paramere long posterior marginal setae on each side;
length (GPL), 0.04-0.05. Total body length MW, 0.40. Abdomen as in Fig. 6. With
(TL), 1.80-1.87. short median tergal setae; sternum VI with
—
Female. As in Fig. 5. Head (except for only single seta on each side. AWV, 0.46-
smaller antennal scape), thorax, and much 0.49. Terminal segment with short acces-
of abdomen as for male. PAW, 0.34-0.36; sory piece on each side (Fig. 9). Genitalia
TW, 0.41-0.43; HL, 0.53-0.55. PW, 0.29- (Fig. 8) with mesomeral posterior boundary
0.31; MW, 0.41-0.44. Differences from bilobed and extending near end of para-
male associated primarily with posteriorab- meres; remainder of mesomeral structures
dominal segments. With medium and very as shown; GW, 0.10-0.11; GL, 0.23-0.24;
long lateroposterior ventral setae on each GPL, 0.05.—TL, 1.99-2.10.
side of IX; AWV, 0.54-0.59. Subgenital Female. Head and thorax much as for
plate (Fig. 2) posteriorly bearing submar- F. pagei (Fig. 5). PAW, 0.35-0.38; TW,
0.44-0.47; HL, 0.55-0.59. PW, 0.29-0.31;
ginal row of 10-13 short spiniform setae on
each side as well as total of 9-12 fine setae metanotum medially with pair ofminute se-
tae (Fig. 10) and marginally each side with
posterior to them; subgenital plate width
5-7 (usually 6) medium to very long setae;
(SPW), 0.29-0.31. TL, 2.14-2.27.
— MW, 0.42-0.49. Abdomen as in Fig. 10.
Discussion. This species is readily dis-
With only short medial setae on terga II-
tinguished from others ofthe genus by hav-
VIII; sternal setae on II-VI longer, with
ing the male terminalia as in Fig. 4, the
those on III-IV 0.06-0.09 long and extend-
male genitalia with features as in Fig. 3, the ing well over following sternum. AWV,
female with two medium to very long setae
0.56-0.66. Lateroposterior corner of IX
on each ventral lateroposteriorcorner ofIX, each with only single medium ventral seta.
the configuration of the setae of the female
Subgenital plate (Fig. 7) with highly irreg-
subgenital plate much as in Fig. 2, and the ular row of 7-12 short submarginal spini-
abdomen of both sexes with generally lon- form setae on each side, along with total of
ger median tergal and—shorter sternal setae. 14-17 fine setae posterior to them; SPW,
Material examined. Holotype male, ex 0.28-0.30. TL, 2.38-2.59.
F. leucopus, Peru: Dept. Cuzco: 20 km NW Discussion.—This species is readily sep-
Pilcopata near Rio Tono, 750 m, arated from F. pagei by the male with dif-
25.xi.1985, D. H. Clayton #1157. Para- ferent genitalic parameral and mesomeral
types: 17 males, 15 females, same data as structures and the smaller accessory lateral
holotype. — portion of the terminal abdominal segment;
Etymology. This species is named for the female with an irregular alignment of
Roderic D. M. Page, University of Oxford, the submarginal short spiniform setae on
in recognition of his deep interest in and the subgenital plate, only a single medium
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
?,44
ventral seta on each side of abdominal seg- we believe them sufficient to justify rec-
ment IX, and longer sternal setae on II-VI; ognition of two distinc—t species.
and both sexes with a pair of median me- Material examined. Holotype female,
tanotal setae and markedly shorter median ex S. caudacutus, Peru: Dept. Madre de
abdominal tergal setae—. Dios: Cerro de Pantiacolla, 1030 m, above
Material examined. Holotype male, ex Rio Palotoa, 31.viii.l985, D. H. Clayton.
S. mexicanus, Peru: Dept. Madre de Dios: Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, same data as
Cerro de Pantiacolla, 20.viii.l985, D. H. holotype.
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Clayton. Paratypes: 2 males, 3 females, Etymology. This species is named in
same data as h—olotype. honor ofTheodore (Ted) Parker, the world's
Etymology. This species is named for most gifted field ornithologist, tragically
Richard Griffiths, University of Oxford, in killed during a 1993 field trip in Ecuador
recognition of his work on the molecular
AcKNOWLEDGMENTS
phylogenetics of lice and their hosts.
Funds were provided to thejunior author
Furnariphilus parkeri Price and
Clayton, New Species by The Field Museum, the Latin American
Studies Center of the University of Chica-
Type host. Sclerurus caudacutus (Vieil- go, and NSF grant BSR-8508361 to J. W.
lot). — Fitzpatrick for Peruvian faunal inventory
Male. Much as for F. griffithsi, except work. This manuscript has been approved
for consistently smaller body dimensions. for publication by the Director, Oklahoma
PAW, 0.29; TW, 0.36; HL, 0.49. PW, 0.25; Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater
MW, 0.36.—AWV, 0.41. TL, 1.90.
Female. Much as for F. grifftthsi, ex- Literature Cited
cept for consistently smaller body dimen-
Clayton, D. H., R. D. Gregory, and R. D. Price. 1992.
sions and shorter setae on sterna III-IV. Comparative ecology ofNeotropical bird lice (In-
PAW, 0.33; TW, 0.41-0.42; HL, 0.53-0.54. secta: Phthiraptera). Journal of Animal Ecology
PW, 0.27-0.28; MW, 0.40-0.41. Sterna III- 61: 781-795.
IV with each seta only 0.03-0.04 long, at Price, R. D. and D. H. Clayton. 1989. Kaysius emer-
soni (Mallophaga: Menoponidae), a new genus
most extending only slightly over following
and new species of louse from the wedge-billed
sternal plate. AWV, 0.50-0.52. SPW, 0.24- woodcreeper (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptidae)
0.25. TL, 2.28-—2.31. of Peru. Annals of the Entomological Society of
Discussion. The non-overlapping di- America 82: 29-31.
mensional differences between the smaller . 1993. Review of the species of Rallicola
(Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the woodcree-
F. parkeri and the larger F. grijfithsi, cou-
pers (Passeriformes: Dendrocolaptinae). .lournal
pled with the shorter sternal setae on III- ofMedical Entomology 30: 35^6.
IV for females of the former, enable ready . 1994. Review of the species of Rallicola
separation ofthese two species. Admittedly, (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from the antbirds,
these differences are not as profound as we ovenbirds, and tapaculos (Passeriformes). Journal
would prefer, indicating that these series of Medical Entomology 31: 649-657.
Sibley, C. G. and B. L. Monroe, Jr. 1990. Distribution
from two different host taxa within the and taxonomy ofbirds ofthe world. Yale Univer-
same genus are indeed closely related, but sity Press, New Haven, CT xxiv -1-1111 pp.
